Chinese authorities, who have long sought to limit access to information, seem to have reinforced the so-called Great Firewall of China, frustrating foreign companies and raising activists’ concerns.
The Great Firewall — the nation’s huge system of Internet limits and censorship — now appears to be stepping up targeting of virtual private networks, or VPNs, commonly used to circumvent controls on Web sites the government considers threatening.
While VPNs let users gain access to sites blocked by the Firewall due to their content or sensitivity — which in China include Facebook and Twitter — they are also vital to firms, enabling secure and encrypted communications.
Foreign firms have flocked to China to try to participate in decades of stunning growth, but Web users are complaining of VPNs being inaccessible or quickly going down once accessed, while speeds have slowed to a crawl.
“For us it’s catastrophic,” a Western businessman in China said on condition of anonymity. “We are used to working between different offices and subsidiaries using Google Drive, which lets us save, share and work simultaneously on common documents. Well, we can’t do that here.”
Another expatriate complained about the extreme slowness and frequent inaccessibility of Gmail and Google Agenda, the Internet giant’s e-mail and planning services.
Some foreign-based VPN providers are saying system interference due to a strengthening of controls is involved.
In a message to its users, VPN provider Astrill blamed a technology update to the Great Firewall (GFW), saying the system now has the “ability to learn, discover and block VPN protocols automatically.”
“This GFW update is one of the worst so far and it has affected not just all VPN providers, but as well as many companies which use VPN protocols to connect different branches of their network,” it said.
Witopia, another provider, referred in a tweet to “rolling countrywide protocol blocks.”
Messages seeking comment and sent by Agence France-Presse to Astrill, Witopia and StrongVPN, another provider reportedly affected, went unanswered.
China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology did not immediately reply to questions seeking comment, but the government has previously said controls are in place to limit access to pornographic and violent content to protect children.
However, yesterday, the state-run Global Times — which earlier this month quoted officials saying foreign-run VPNs were illegal — defended restrictions on the Internet in an editorial headlined: “Freedom not at odds with online regulation.”
“Problems caused by the Internet have been accumulating,” said the paper, which, despite the Great Firewall, boasts its own Facebook and Twitter accounts.
“It advocates individual freedom, but at the same time severely damages it,” it said. “It is time to regulate the Internet. Such a view is actually embraced not only by the authorities, but also by the public who fear that their privacy may be intruded upon.
“People who feel constrained by it [regulation] are those who create waves online or even use the Internet illegally,” it said.
The paper has previously quoted Fang Binxing (方濱興), president of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications who is credited with designing the Great Firewall of China, as saying he knew of no upgrades to the system.
However, the founder of the Website GreatFire.org, which tracks online censorship in China, said it was plausible that the authorities could have tweaked the system to affect VPNs.
“The GFW cannot know what the content of encrypted traffic is, but they can see that it’s encrypted traffic,” the activist, who uses the pseudonym Martin Johnson for security reasons, said in an e-mail.
“For example, if a lot of encrypted traffic passes through the GFW to a certain server outside China, the GFW can notify staff to manually review it and block the server based on its IP address if they so choose. It can also be automatically blocked,” he said.
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