Chinese President Hu Jintao (
Addressing the Chinese Communist Party elite gathered in Beijing for their five-yearly Congress, Hu acknowledged China's modernization drive since the late 1970s had also caused huge environmental and social problems.
"Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost in resources and to the environment," Hu told more than 2,200 delegates at the Great Hall of the People in a nationally televised address.
"There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, among regions and between the economy and society," he said, promising that "development patterns will be significantly transformed."
Hu, who is almost certain to be endorsed as the nation's leader for another five years during the week-long Congress, hinted at gradual political reforms, but reassured his cadres that the party would remain dominant.
"As an important part of the overall reform, political restructuring must be constantly deepened along with economic and social development," he said, advocating more democracy, particularly at the grassroots level.
"[But] in deepening political restructuring, we must keep to the correct political orientation ... we must uphold the party's role at the core of the leadership," he said.
The Congress, which will discuss and approve the party's agenda for the coming five years, was held amid extremely tight security as authorities sought to ensure no critical voices were heard.
Police lined every corner of the main road leading to the Great Hall of the People and the adjacent Tiananmen Square was closed to the public, while dissidents were already safely detained or placed under surveillance.
Some rights activists said security forces had conducted their most severe crackdown on dissent in five years, which they fear will continue in the lead-up to the Olympics next year.
Following the Congress, to be held mostly behind closed doors, a new leadership team will be announced that will likely see a successor to Hu emerge to take over as party chief and president in 2012.
Li Keqiang (李克強), the 52-year-old party boss of Liaoning Province and an ally of Hu, is seen as one of the front-runners.
He and Xi Jinping (
The make-up of the Standing Committee will also be closely watched to see how strong Hu's power base is after five years in power, and whether he has been able to shake off the lingering influence of his predecessor, Jiang Zemin (江澤民).
A Congress spokesman said on Sunday that Hu's ideology of "scientific development" would be incorporated into the party's constitution this week.
Scientific development is a catchphrase for Hu's efforts to develop a more sustainable economic model, and thus temper the focus on growth-at-all-costs seen under Jiang's reign.
In his two-hour-and-thirty-minute-speech yesterday, Hu repeatedly referred to "scientific development" and a "harmonious society."
He also warned his comrades that corruption remained a big threat to the survival of the Communist Party.
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