Israeli and Palestinian peace negotiators prepared to launch their unofficial initiative to end one of the world's most intractable conflicts in the presence of former US president Jimmy Carter and other winners of the Nobel peace prize.
But the tightly guarded guest list, strong opposition from Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and last-minute dissension Sunday within Palestinian ranks underscored the problems facing the plan that resulted from two years of secret negotiations.
"For the first time in more than a hundred years of conflict a detailed and comprehensive solution was agreed upon which settles the most critical issues of this conflict," the negotiators said in a statement.
The unofficial treaty proposes borders between Israel and a future Palestinian state close to Israel's borders before the 1967 Mideast war, giving the Palestinians almost all of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and part of Jerusalem.
It calls for the removal of most Israeli settlements there and largely sidesteps the so-called "right of return" for Palestinians who fled or were driven out during the 1948-49 war that followed Israel's creation and their descendants. It also divides sovereignty in Jerusalem.
The negotiators claim their work is in line with the US "road map" for peace and other plans. The US-backed "road map" spells out a formula for negotiations but leaves the trickiest issues open.
The Geneva plan has been welcomed by US Secretary of State Colin Powell, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and European leaders.
Contacts began two years ago in an academic discussion at the University of Geneva between former Israeli Justice Minister Yossi Beilin and Professor Alexis Keller. They enlisted then-Palestinian Information Minister Yasser Abed Rabbo and began talks, with financial support provided by the Swiss government.
Both Beilin and Abed Rabbo had participated in earlier peace talks, when moderate Ehud Barak was Israel's prime minister. The talks broke down amid violence in early 2001, and Barak was soundly defeated by Sharon in a special election.
Sharon has charged that the plan is subversive, insisting that only governments may conduct such negotiations. The hard-line government opposes the far-reaching Israeli concessions that are key parts of the Geneva Accord.
The Israeli Foreign Ministry protested Switzerland's backing of the plan, but the Swiss government maintains it only "facilitated" the discussions and had nothing to do with the content.
The agreement was first presented Oct. 12 in Amman, Jordan. Since then the negotiators have distributed copies of the 50-page accord by mail to every Israeli home and published it in Palestinian newspapers in hopes of winning popular support.
Organizers kept tight wraps on details of the two-hour ceremony, that was to take place yesterday afternoon in Geneva, including the guest list.
But Carter, who has endorsed the accord, plans to attend, according to the Carter Center in Atlanta.
The accord "paves the way to the region's best, and perhaps last, chance for peace," said Carter in an op-ed piece published Nov. 3 in USA Today.
Officials in Geneva also said former South African president Nelson Mandela is expected to deliver a speech by video. Others in attendance would be Nobel laureates Lech Walesa of Poland and John Hume of Northern Ireland as well as Simone Veil, an ex-president of the European Parliament and a Holocaust survivor.
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