The Matsu Islands -- a long-time defense post about 210km northwest of Taiwan's northern tip and just outside the estuary of the Min River in China's Fujian Province -- is now acting more as an environmental guard post for Taiwan than as a military bastion.
The Environmental Protection Administration has since 1999 operated an air-quality monitoring system in Matsu. In 2001 the administration upgraded the system with advanced precision instruments that measure airborne pollutants in order to provide early warnings about sandstorms.
PHOTO: CHIU YU-TZU, TAIPEI TIMES
The administration is also assisting Matsu authorities and residents in tackling the problem of water-borne waste from China. Because of lax environmental regulations in China, the islands are being swamped with Chinese junk -- ranging from from bottles to animal carcasses to human bodies.
According to Chen Hsiu-hua (陳秀華), director-general of Lienchiang County's Environmental Protection Bureau, an air-quality monitoring system in Nankan will soon be relocated to a nearby site. The move will make it more sensitive to pollutants from China.
"Information about Chinese sandstorms that we gather here in Matsu gives Taiwan three to four hours to prepare for a possible strike of bad air," Chen said.
The station is capable of making precise measurements of fine particulate matter (known as PM10) and long-range air pollutants of concern, including ozone, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, according to Chu Yu-chi (
Despite dust created by 130 construction sites, Matsu does not produce an excessive amount of air pollutants, environmental officials said. On the Pollutant Standards Index -- on which a score of 100 or higher is considered unhealthy for humans, especially those who suffer from asthma or other respiratory diseases -- the average reading in Matsu ranges between 20 and 40.
PSI is calculated based on concentrations of a variety of pollutants, including PM10 matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone.
However, PSI levels on Matsu increase significantly -- to 100 or higher -- when Chinese sandstorms send pollutants to the islands. Since 2001, there have been five days on which PSI levels have exceeded 100.
"Air quality information from Matsu makes it possible for Taiwanese residents to take necessary precautions during times of bad air quality. But the long-range transportation of other kinds of pollutants from China deserves more attention," said Lin Neng-huei (
Extremely dry conditions in the deserts of Central Asia and Mongolia often trigger sandstorms during the winter. Scientists have said that desertification caused the Gobi Desert to expand at a rate of 2.4 percent per year in the late 1990s.
As the Gobi Desert creeps south, not only China's heartland but also neighboring countries are being hammered with increasingly regular sandstorms.
The phenomenon has triggered research about transcontinental sandstorms in many countries, including Taiwan, South Korea and Japan.
In Taiwan, sandstorms from China were first noticed in April 1988, when the concentration of particulate matter in the air increased dramatically. In recent years, sandstorms have become more frequent due to drought and overgrazing in China.
Because Taiwan appears to suffer disproportionately from Chinese sandstorms, university researchers affiliated with the administration have since 2001 been charged with conducting in-depth research and analyzing data collected by satellite, laser radar and air quality monitoring stations.
In February, the EPA's research into Chinese sandstorms suggested that various kinds of fungi, originating in Mongolia, were being carried via sandstorms to Taiwan. However, a correlation between the presence of fungi in sandstorms and the transmission of human disease remains unclear.
Lin said that if a new air-quality monitoring system could be established somewhere in the area of Jade Mountain at about 3,000m above sea level, air-quality data collected in Matsu and elsewhere in Taiwan would become relatively complete.
"Regional air-quality data collected in East Asia, including eastern China and Taiwan, could be analyzed together with that available in Hawaii. Our portrait of long-range transportation of airborne pollutants would become clearer," Lin said.
In addition to airborne pollutants, the EPA has also assisted Matsu residents in fighting water-borne waste from China.
In the last decade, Matsu residents have suffered the ill effects of rapid industrialization in China. The lack of advanced landfill technologies in China has resulted in coastal pollution in Matsu.
At a Chukuang Township pier where tourists go ashore to visit a lighthouse built in 1842 by British engineers, floating garbage seems to dampen both the visitors' and the hosts' spirits.
"The situation during rainy times is really awful," said Chukuang Township Chief Wang Ta-chieh (
Water-borne waste from China usually arrives in the Matsu Islands between November and January because of the wind direction in winter. Heavy rain during the typhoon season also boosts the amount of garbage from China.
According to Chen Yu-li (陳玉利), a specialist with the county's Environmental Protection Bureau, about 296 tonnes of waste from China's Fujian Province were collected by sanitation workers in Matsu last year. Nearly three-quarters of it was wood, straw, leaves, seaweed and other natural materials flushed down the Min River.
But Chen said that the waste also included medical equipment, clothes, bottles, cans, and the carcasses of animals such as chickens, pigs and sheep. Human bodies have been found from time to time.
"Sometimes fishing boats have malfunctioned simply because of running into fishing nets that people have thrown away," Chen Yu-li said.
Also, because it lies among heavily-trafficked shipping routes, Matsu suffers from litter that comes from merchant marine vessels.
The local government in the spring and fall carries out voluntary activities in which residents and soldiers clean the beaches -- but mountains of garbage remain.
Last October, residents of Nioujiao Village in Nankan, which is particularly hard hit by water-borne Chinese waste, decided to protect their coast by building a floating boom. They lashed together barrels in a line about 300m from the coast to prevent Chinese waste from floating into their village.
Marina Cheng (
Starlux Airlines, Taiwan’s newest international carrier, has announced it would apply to join the Oneworld global airline alliance before the end of next year. In an investor conference on Monday, Starlux Airlines chief executive officer Glenn Chai (翟健華) said joining the alliance would help it access Taiwan. Chai said that if accepted, Starlux would work with other airlines in the alliance on flight schedules, passenger transits and frequent flyer programs. The Oneworld alliance has 13 members, including American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific and Qantas, and serves more than 900 destinations in 170 territories. Joining Oneworld would also help boost
A new tropical storm formed late yesterday near Guam and is to approach closest to Taiwan on Thursday, the Central Weather Administration (CWA) said. Tropical Storm Pulasan became the 14th named storm of the year at 9:25pm yesterday, the agency said. As of 8am today, it was near Guam traveling northwest at 21kph, it said. The storm’s structure is relatively loose and conditions for strengthening are limited, WeatherRisk analyst Wu Sheng-yu (吳聖宇) said on Facebook. Its path is likely to be similar to Typhoon Bebinca, which passed north of Taiwan over Japan’s Ryukyu Islands and made landfall in Shanghai this morning, he said. However, it
Taiwan's Gold Apollo Co (金阿波羅通信) said today that the pagers used in detonations in Lebanon the day before were not made by it, but by a company called BAC which has a license to use its brand. At least nine people were killed and nearly 3,000 wounded when pagers used by Hezbollah members detonated simultaneously across Lebanon yesterday. Images of destroyed pagers analyzed by Reuters showed a format and stickers on the back that were consistent with pagers made by Gold Apollo. A senior Lebanese security source told Reuters that Hezbollah had ordered 5,000 pagers from Taiwan-based Gold Apollo. "The product was not
COLD FACTS: ‘Snow skin’ mooncakes, made with a glutinous rice skin and kept at a low temperature, have relatively few calories compared with other mooncakes Traditional mooncakes are a typical treat for many Taiwanese in the lead-up to the Mid-Autumn Festival, but a Taipei-based dietitian has urged people not to eat more than one per day and not to have them every day due to their high fat and calorie content. As mooncakes contain a lot of oil and sugar, they can have negative health effects on older people and those with diabetes, said Lai Yu-han (賴俞含), a dietitian at Taipei Hospital of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. “The maximum you can have is one mooncake a day, and do not eat them every day,” Lai