Japan is set to take part in joint naval exercises with India and the US in the Indian Ocean in October, military and diplomatic sources said, a drill that so riled China eight years ago that Delhi has not since hosted such a multilateral wargame.
The Indian Ocean has emerged as a new arena of competition between China making inroads and India trying to recover its position as the dominant maritime power in the region.
New Delhi’s decision to expand the “Malabar” exercises that it conducts with the US each year to include Japan suggests a tightening of military relations between three major maritime powers in Asia, analysts said.
Military officials from India, the US and Japan met at a US navy base in Yokosuka, near Tokyo, on Wednesday and yesterday to plan the exercises, a navy and a diplomatic source in New Delhi said.
A Japanese government official in Tokyo confirmed the meeting and said representatives from the three navies were discussing Tokyo’s participation in the wargames. He declined to be identified.
India and the US have fielded aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines in previous bilateral exercises.
An Indian Ministry of Defense official declined any comment on Malabar 2015, saying announcements will only be made closer to the event.
A spokesman for Japan’s Maritime Self Defense Force said no decision had yet been taken on Japan’s participation.
However, Jeff Smith, a South Asia specialist at the American Foreign Policy Council, said Japan was keen to take part in the exercises this year at a time when it is expanding the role of its military against a more assertive China.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s inclusion of Japan after some hesitation was part of a trending pattern of forging close ties with the US and its allies.
“I’d view aircraft carrier participation in this year’s drill as yet another signal from the Modi government that it was shedding the [previous] government’s anxiety about a more overt balancing posture toward China and a more robust strategic embrace of the US and Japan,” Smith said.
India last hosted a multilateral exercise in 2007 when it invited Japan, Australia and Singapore to join its drills with the US navy in the Bay of Bengal, prompting disquiet in Beijing where some saw it as a US-inspired security grouping in the making along the lines of NATO in Europe.
Beijing activated diplomatic channels seeking an explanation, and the exercises held in the Indian Ocean were scaled back in the following years.
However, China’s expanding naval footprint in the Indian Ocean, including submarines docking in Sri Lanka, just off the toe of India last year, and again in Karachi, Pakistan, in May, has prompted Modi’s administration to accelerate naval modernization, as well as shore up ties with maritime nations.
“Modi’s Delhi is no longer willing to give Beijing a veto over its defense partnerships,” top Indian foreign policy expert C. Raja Mohan said.
Just as China had overridden India’s concerns about archenemy Pakistan and was building ports and roads under a US$46 billion economic corridor, New Delhi was free to pursue closer security cooperation with the West and its partners, Mohan said.
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