What brought a bright young man who sweated through electrical and nuclear engineering classes at MIT to this, a month on a frozen rock in the Arctic, with a fish bowl on his head, a Buzz Lightyear space suit, a shotgun to scare off polar bears and a busted “incinerator toilet”?
That’s how bad Joe Palaia wants to get to Mars.
Joe is almost 30. His mission in life is Mars, but his Martian clock is ticking. Bailout-happy, cash-for-clunkering politicians are making it very difficult for the space program. Since graduating from MIT three years ago, Palaia has done all he can to keep hope alive.
To advance the cause of manned Mars missions, he left wife and home in Holiday, Florida, to spend last month with five other volunteers in a can-shaped shelter on top of the world just 1,448km from the Earth’s North Pole. The place was Canada’s Devon Island, which hasn’t made much news outside musk oxen circles since a meteor fell on it 20 million years ago.
Their assignment: Pretend they’re on Mars.
Palaia and mates wore fake space suits. They endured snow, rain and fog. They slept through hurricane-force winds and blazing sunshine at midnight. They were armed for bear but saw one mosquito and one rabbit.
They did accomplish something astronauts may one day attempt on the Red Planet. They drew water from rock.
By now in the story, your eyebrow may be up to your hairline. North Pole. Fake space suits. Polar bears vs polar bunnies. Incinerator toilets. Fourth rock from the sun. The fair question is: “Is Palaia nuts or what?”
He seems to be an intelligent, adventurous, focused young man. He just happens to be in a hurry to leave Earth. Draw your own conclusions.
The Mars Society has been sending volunteers on shoestring expeditions to the Arctic since 2000. It’s as close to a Mars environment as you can find on Earth. Everything is like Mars except the polar bears, oxygen and Twitter.
Back in 2000, the Mars Society set up a tall fiberglass tube on the rock and furnished it with generators, stove, showers and cubby holes each just big enough for a bunk and a shelf.
Palaia’s crew was the 12th to occupy the tube. He answered an open call for volunteers because going to Mars has been all he’s thought about. After MIT, he helped start a company called 4Frontiers in New Port Richey, Florida, aimed at getting on the ground floor of Mars commercial opportunities. When he married, he told his wife, Melissa, he’d eventually have to leave for three years or so for a round trip.
The Mars Society made him chief engineer of the Devon Island expedition, meaning he had to keep the tube heated and the balky incinerator toilet working.
When they got to the island by bush plane it was snowing sideways.
The team was three men, three women. Besides engineer Palaia, it included a geologist, two NASA workers, a seismologist and a fifth-grade teacher. Each was encouraged to bring a personal research project. The geologist mined and cooked the mineral gypsum, which was all over the island, and also happens to exist in the polar regions of Mars. When heated to 149°C, it releases water.
Palaia brought an aircraft. He’d persuaded a Gainesville company called Prioria Robotics to loan him a small robotic plane rigged with surveillance cameras. Palaia’s project was to show that he could fly the thing while encumbered in a spacesuit. He flew it six times.
For every outdoor mission, the crew was required to wear the space suits. They’d been sewn by a Denver costumemaker. Each was canvas, badly frayed, and had a button-up fly. The uniform included a backpack that was basically a Tupperware container. It contained a fan that blew air into the stifling bubble helmet.
The purpose of the suits was to test astronaut mobility. Besides, the canvas kept Palaia warm. They enjoyed only three or four sunny days. When they got there, the temperature was minus 15°C. It got up to about 7°C.
Ask Palaia how six people got along for a month in a tube, and he’ll tell you that gypsum is hydrated calcium sulfate. He’s scientific, not one for idle gossip. Mostly, it seems, he and his mates worked. It took two weeks to make the tube livable. They generally kept at it every day from 9:30am to midnight, working around bad weather.
They also had to practice a polar bear drill. It consisted of gathering behind the guy with the shotgun, stripping off space suits, and running as fast as possible. That may or may not be necessary on Mars.
As soon as Palaia’s tired crew returned from Devon Island, a study committee appointed by US President Barack Obama issued a gloomy report on NASA’s manned spaceflight program. Basically, it said, the money isn’t there, even to send someone to the moon.
Palaia says private enterprise will do it if the government can’t. “Look what we’re accomplishing with a bunch of volunteers.” One way or another, he’s going where no man has gone before.
During the Metal Ages, prior to the arrival of the Dutch and Chinese, a great shift took place in indigenous material culture. Glass and agate beads, introduced after 400BC, completely replaced Taiwanese nephrite (jade) as the ornamental materials of choice, anthropologist Liu Jiun-Yu (劉俊昱) of the University of Washington wrote in a 2023 article. He added of the island’s modern indigenous peoples: “They are the descendants of prehistoric Formosans but have no nephrite-using cultures.” Moderns squint at that dynamic era of trade and cultural change through the mutually supporting lenses of later settler-colonialism and imperial power, which treated the indigenous as
By 1971, heroin and opium use among US troops fighting in Vietnam had reached epidemic proportions, with 42 percent of American servicemen saying they’d tried opioids at least once and around 20 percent claiming some level of addiction, according to the US Department of Defense. Though heroin use by US troops has been little discussed in the context of Taiwan, these and other drugs — produced in part by rogue Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) armies then in Thailand and Myanmar — also spread to US military bases on the island, where soldiers were often stoned or high. American military policeman
The Venice Film Festival kicked off with the world premiere of Paolo Sorrentino’s La Grazia Wednesday night on the Lido. The opening ceremony of the festival also saw Francis Ford Coppola presenting filmmaker Werner Herzog with a lifetime achievement prize. The 82nd edition of the glamorous international film festival is playing host to many Hollywood stars, including George Clooney, Julia Roberts and Dwayne Johnson, and famed auteurs, from Guillermo del Toro to Kathryn Bigelow, who all have films debuting over the next 10 days. The conflict in Gaza has also already been an everpresent topic both outside the festival’s walls, where
An attempt to promote friendship between Japan and countries in Africa has transformed into a xenophobic row about migration after inaccurate media reports suggested the scheme would lead to a “flood of immigrants.” The controversy erupted after the Japan International Cooperation Agency, or JICA, said this month it had designated four Japanese cities as “Africa hometowns” for partner countries in Africa: Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana and Tanzania. The program, announced at the end of an international conference on African development in Yokohama, will involve personnel exchanges and events to foster closer ties between the four regional Japanese cities — Imabari, Kisarazu, Sanjo and
RSS