Problems in the housing market and high unemployment are the biggest economic challenges the US faces, US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said on Wednesday.
After suffering through the worst recession since the 1930s, the US economy seems to have stabilized and is growing again, Bernanke said.
But he warned: “We are far from being out of the woods. Many Americans are still grappling with unemployment or foreclosure or both.”
In remarks to businesspeople in Dallas, Bernanke said he saw no evidence of a “sustained recovery” in the housing market, noting that foreclosures keep rising. Commercial real estate remains a trouble spot, too.
The toughest problems are in the job market. Even though layoffs have slowed, hiring is “very weak,” Bernanke said. He said that unemployment, now at 9.7 percent, is still close to its highest levels since the early 1980s.
Record-low interest rates should help foster the recovery, the Fed chief said. But economic growth won’t be robust enough to quickly drive down the jobless rate, he indicated.
The Fed is widely expected to keep its key interest rate near zero at its next meeting on April 27 and 28 and for most of this year.
The Fed has held rates at such rock-bottom levels since December 2008.
Deciding when to start boosting rates will be among the most important decisions Bernanke will make in his second term, which started in February. Doing so too soon could endanger the recovery.
Waiting too long could spur inflation or feed some new speculative bubble in the prices of stocks, bonds, commodities or other assets.
Thomas Hoenig, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, in separate remarks on Wednesday said the Fed needs to start boosting rates “soon.” He did not say when.
By delaying the start of rate increases, “the outcome too often is greater inflation, significant credit and market imbalances and an eventual financial crisis,” Hoenig said in a speech in New Mexico.
He suggested the Fed soon start moving its key rate toward 1 percent.
Hoenig is a voting member of the Fed’s interest-rate setting committee this year. At the last two meetings he opposed the Fed’s continued pledge to hold rates at record lows for an “extended period.” Bernanke said inflation remains under control.
“Inflation is probably not the first thing you need to be concerned about,” he said during a brief question-and-answer session after his speech.
Bernanke, looking toward longer-term challenges, said Congress and the White House will need to work on a plan to whittle down record-high budget deficits.
Because the economy continues to “operate well below its potential,” a sharp reduction in the deficit now is not practical or advisable, Bernanke said. Still, he urged politicians in Washington to start developing a credible plan to trim the deficit and repair the nation’s fiscal health.
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