Looking back on her decision to leave Hong Kong with her family just before the territory’s handover from Britain to China 25 years ago, Mary still believes she made the right call.
“We just didn’t trust the Chinese government,” she told reporters, using a pseudonym.
She was not the only one.
Government estimates show that hundreds of thousands of people quit Hong Kong in the years that preceded the handover for a new life overseas — many citing fears of a future under Beijing’s thumb.
As the territory celebrated the handover’s 25th anniversary yesterday, with posters proclaiming “a new era of stability, prosperity and opportunity,” another exodus is under way.
Under the “one country, two systems” principle set out with Britain, China agreed that Hong Kong would maintain a high degree of autonomy and independent judicial power, and that the territory’s leader would be appointed by Beijing on the basis of local elections or consultations.
Beijing’s imposition of a sweeping National Security Law has helped propel a new wave of emigrants across the world, swelling the diaspora of those who feel dispossessed by Chinese rule.
“Hong Kong people in different parts of the world will have different definitions of Hong Kong, but we share a strong sense of community, with shared destiny,” said Fermi Wong, who moved to Britain in 2020. “The thing that connects us may be something indescribable, some kind of temperament — I can always recognize Hong Kongers walking down a street.”
Mary, now 59, has lived in Britain ever since she boarded a one-way flight with her husband and two sons in April 1997.
She adapted quickly to life abroad, never really feeling homesick.
Years later though, Mary said she found herself transfixed watching news of the huge pro-democracy protests that engulfed Hong Kong in 2019.
“I was watching every night and I was crying,” she said. “The young people were just saying how they felt.”
Beijing’s response to the protests — the National Security Law to crush dissent, as well as electoral reforms that effectively disqualify most opposition — has turned Hong Kong into a place she no longer recognizes.
It was the security law that prompted Wong, who had worked as an advocate for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong for more than two decades, to leave.
Since the law came into force in 2020, critics say the premise of “one country, two systems” has been comprehensively eroded, and many of the freedoms it promised have been eviscerated.
“We will never believe in it ever again,” Wong said.
She was part of the net outflow of 123,700 residents that Hong Kong recorded in 2020 and last year, and one of many who went to Britain.
More than 92,000 British Nationals, Overseas visas have been issued since London started accepting applications last year, explicitly linking the permit’s introduction to the political changes.
Canada and Australia, which also have “lifeboat schemes,, have accepted 47,000 and 8,900 arrivals from Hong Kong respectively since 2019.
In an interview with the South China Morning Post, Hong Kong’s main English-language newspaper, even pro-establishment politician Jasper Tsang (曾鈺成) said that Hong Kongers were “voting with their feet.”
The government said that the outflow represents “normal movement,” with Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam (林鄭月娥) accusing other countries of “disguising their grab for talent” with a political pretext.
However, Wong said that the territory had changed beyond recognition.
“There is still a Hong Kong within a physical boundary, but it’s no longer the Hong Kong that the overseas Hong Kongers used to live in,” she said.
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