For years, Debby Montgomery Johnson did not tell anyone that she had been scammed out of more than US$1 million by a man with whom she believed she was in a loving, although virtual, relationship.
“It should not have happened to me,” the business owner and former US Air Force officer told reporters from her home in Florida, a common refrain among those defrauded by someone they met online and grew to trust.
However, many tens of thousands of people are targeted by cons dubbed “romance scams” every year, their numbers skyrocketing during the COVID-19 pandemic when lockdowns sent people flocking to the Internet seeking a salve for isolation.
The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), tracking scams reported to its Consumer Sentinel Network, said last year saw a record US$547 million stolen in romance scams. This marked a nearly 80 percent increase compared with the year before.
Those figures cap an upward trend that leapt in the first year of the pandemic. People reported to the FTC losing US$1.3 billion to the scams over the past five years, the most of any fraud category.
However, it is just the tip of the iceberg, the FTC said, as the vast majority of cons go unreported.
Tim McGuinness, founder of the non-profit Society of Citizens Against Relationship Scams (SCARS), said numbers soared because of “the isolation, the loneliness and the utilization of the Web as virtually the exclusive communication tool” during the pandemic.
Canceled dates over supposedly positive COVID-19 tests and disrupted travel plans due to lockdowns are ruses that feed into the well-worn script of romance scammers, the FTC said.
One male victim told awareness-raising organization Silent Victim No More that COVID-19 measures provided his supposed girlfriend with excuses to “bail out.”
“Covid-19 benefited the scammers,” he wrote.
He finally did a reverse image search on photos she had sent, discovering they were of a different person — but only after he had spent US$400,000 on visa fees and other concocted urgent costs.
While awareness is growing — through support groups, online forums and even a recent documentary on Netflix The Tinder Swindler — many still fall prey to elaborate cons spun to get into a victim’s heart.
When Montgomery Johnson, now in her early 60s, realized the scale of the problem, she decided to share how she was taken advantage of by a man who had come to feel like “family” over two years starting in 2010.
She spoke widely, wrote a book — The Woman Behind the Smile — and joined the board of SCARS, which has had contact with about 7 million victims since 2015.
“I was looking for a confidant,” she said, having waded into online dating following the death of her husband.
She said it was out of character to give money the way she did, but “he really had my heartstrings tugged.”
“It’s expert manipulation,” said McGuinness, who himself was a victim of a romance scam. Interactions “will progress like a normal conversation, except that they’ll utilize very specific manipulative techniques to begin the grooming.”
Scammers, many based in West Africa, would adopt fake identities, often saying they work abroad and travel a lot or are in the military — providing ready-made excuses for why they cannot meet in person.
A period of intense contact is followed by requests to wire money for plane tickets, visa fees, medical expenses or other emergencies — always with the promise of paying the amount back when they are finally united.
The Internet was already a low-cost, high-return field, but scammers, often working in teams, now hunt everywhere from Instagram to online games like Words With Friends.
“Any place where you can begin a conversation with someone, that’s where the scammers are,” McGuinness said.
Another change has seen more young people being caught up, with the FTC saying the number of reports by Americans aged 18 to 29 increased more than 10-fold from 2017 to last year.
The rise in cryptocurrency is fueling scams involving bogus investments, although untraceable gift cards and wire transfers are still more common.
McGuinness said millennials are “scammed more often and for smaller dollar amounts,” while older people are scammed “for larger amounts, but less frequently.”
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