A 3,500-year-old tablet recounting the epic of Gilgamesh that once sat in Washington’s Museum of the Bible could be returned to Iraq after a judge on Tuesday verified its seizure.
The rare fragment, which recounts a dream sequence from the epic in Akkadian cuneiform script, is one of many ancient artifacts from Iraq and the Middle East collected by David Green, the billionaire owner of the Hobby Lobby chain.
It was seized by the US Department of Justice in 2019, two years after Green opened the museum in downtown Washington.
Hobby Lobby bought the 15.2cm by 12.7cm tablet, known as the “Gilgamesh Dream Tablet,” from a prominent auction house in 2014 for US$1.67 million, the department said.
It had originally been brought illegally to the US in 2003 by a dealer who purchased it in London from a Jordanian trader of Middle Eastern antiquities.
It was then traded several times with false letters of provenance to assure buyers that it was legally obtained, rather than a product of the underground antiquities trade.
In 2014, Hobby Lobby arranged to buy the tablet in New York, but carried out the transaction in Oklahoma to avoid sales taxes, the department said.
The company then donated it to the collection of the Museum of the Bible.
Since the tablet was seized in 2019, the department has pursued formal ownership through forfeiture laws to be able to return it to the rightful owners.
“This forfeiture represents an important milestone on the path to returning this rare and ancient masterpiece of world literature to its country of origin,” Acting US Attorney for the Eastern District of New York Jacquelyn Kasulis said in a statement.
“This office is committed to combating the black-market sale of cultural property and the smuggling of looted artifacts,” Kasulis said.
The tablet was just one of thousands of pieces of Iraqi-origin artifacts, mostly 3,000 to 4,000-year-old cuneiform tablets and seals, that have been seized from Hobby Lobby and the Bible Museum for repatriation to Iraq.
The department said that they were plundered in Iraq and traded illegally by dealers in Israel and the United Arab Emirates.
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