A thick, brown, bubbly foam dubbed “sea snot” has covered the shores of the Sea of Marmara, alarming Istanbul residents and threatening marine life.
The naturally occurring mucilage was first documented in Turkey in 2007, when it was also seen in parts of the Aegean Sea near Greece.
However, this outbreak is the largest on record, blamed by experts on a combination of pollution and global warming, which speeds up the growth of algae responsible for the slimy sludge.
Photo: AFP
“Of course it affects our work,” fisherman Mahsum Daga, 42, said as the viscous substances lapped rows of surrounding boats. “You know what it does to shellfish? When they open up, it prevents them from closing up again, because it gets in the way. All the sea snails here are dead.”
When the algae grow out of control in springtime, as they have done this year, they block out the sun and cause oxygen depletion for fish and marine life, Istanbul University biology professor Muharrem Balci said.
The “sea snot” results from a sort of nutrient overload for the algae, which feast on warm weather and water pollution, which has grown progressively worse in the past 40 years, Balci said.
“This mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a tent canvas,” Balci told reporters. “After a while, this cover collapses to the bottom and covers the [sea floor’s] ecosystem.”
This could poison the sea’s mussels and creatures such as crabs.
“It will smell like a rotten egg unless this process is halted,” he said.
Cevahir Efe Akcelik, an environmental engineer and secretary-general of the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects, said the foam could cover the sea all summer unless urgent measures are taken.
“Studies show the mucilage is not only on the surface now, but also goes 25 to 30 meters deep,” he told reporters.
The Sea of Marmara, which stretches along Istanbul’s southern coast from the Bosphorus to the Aegean Sea, is densely populated and home to numerous industrial sites.
Balci said it also absorbs some of the waste that flows into the neighboring Black Sea from the polluted Danube River that cuts across eastern Europe.
“This is an extra burden for the Sea of Marmara,” he said, calling for a collective action plan for all of the sea’s coastal cities.
Workers are trying to remove the sludge with nets, but their efforts have so far proven largely ineffective.
A lasting solution requires proper marine supervision, as well as biological and chemical disposal systems for the sea’s cities and industrial zones, Balci said.
Ali Oztunc, a lawmaker from the main opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP), urged the government to impose tough penalties on waste disposal facilities that fail to follow the rules.
“The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea, but, unfortunately, it is becoming an inland desert because of the wrong environmental policies,” he told reporters.
On Tuesday, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s ruling coalition shot down a CHP proposal to set up a parliamentary committee to investigate the “sea snot.”
Oztunc also called on Erdogan’s government to approve the 2015 Paris Agreement, which aims to limit temperature rises by cutting carbon emissions.
“The government should approve the Paris Agreement without delay,” Oztunc said.
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