The plane laden with vaccines had just rolled to a stop at Santiago’s airport in late January and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera was beaming. “Today is a day of joy, emotion and hope,” he said.
The source of that hope: China — a country that Chile and dozens of other nations are depending on to help rescue them from the COVID-19 pandemic.
China’s vaccine diplomacy campaign has been a surprising success: It has pledged about 500 million doses of its vaccine to more than 45 countries, according to a country-by-country tally by The Associated Press (AP).
Photo: AFP
With just four of China’s many vaccine makers able to produce at least 2.6 billion doses this year, a large part of the world’s population would end up inoculated not with the fancy Western vaccines boasting headline-grabbing efficacy rates, but with China’s humble, traditionally made shots.
Amid a dearth of public data on China’s vaccines, fears over their efficacy and safety are still pervasive in the countries depending on them, along with concerns about what China might want in return for deliveries.
Nonetheless, inoculations with Chinese vaccines have begun in more than 25 countries, and the shots have been delivered to another 11, according to the AP’s tally, based on independent reporting in those countries along with government and company announcements.
It is a potential face-saving coup for China, which has been determined to transform itself from an object of mistrust over its initial mishandling of the COVID-19 outbreak to a savior.
“We’re seeing certainly real-time vaccine diplomacy start to play out, with China in the lead in terms of being able to manufacture vaccines within China and make them available to others,” said Krishna Udayakumar, founding director of the Duke Global Health Innovation Center at Duke University.
China has said it is supplying “vaccine aid” to 53 countries and exports to 27, but it rejected a request by the AP for the list.
Beijing has denied vaccine diplomacy, and a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson said China considered the vaccine a “global public good.”
Chinese experts reject any connection between the export of its vaccines and the revamping of its image.
China has targeted the low and middle-income countries largely left behind as rich nations scooped up most of the pricey vaccines produced by the likes of Pfizer and Moderna. Despite a few delays of its own, China has largely capitalized on slower-than-hoped-for deliveries by US and European vaccine makers.
Like many other countries, Chile received far fewer doses of the Pfizer vaccine than promised. Chinese company Sinovac acted quickly, sending in 4 million doses.
The choices are limited for Chile and many other low and middle-income countries. Vaccine deployment globally has been dominated by rich nations, which have snapped up 5.4 billion of the 7.8 billion doses purchased worldwide, Duke University said.
China’s vaccines, which can be stored in standard refrigerators, are attractive to many countries that might struggle to accommodate the ultra-cold storage needs of vaccines like Pfizer’s.
Sinovac and Sinopharm rely on a traditional technology in which a live virus is killed and then purified, triggering an immune response.
Some countries view it as safer than the newer, less-proven technology used by some Western competitors that targets the novel coronavirus’ spike protein, despite the lack of publicly available safety data on the Chinese vaccines.
In Europe, China is providing the vaccine to countries such as Serbia and Hungary — a significant geopolitical victory in Central Europe and the Balkans, where the West, China and Russia are competing for political and economic influence. Hungary is the first EU country to use a Chinese vaccine.
However, China’s vaccine diplomacy would be only as good as the vaccines it is offering, and it still faces hurdles.
“The Chinese vaccine, in particular, there was insufficient data available compared to other vaccines,” said Ahmed Hamdan Zayed, a nurse in Egypt who overcame his initial reluctance and received Sinopharm’s vaccine.
Sinopharm, which said its vaccine was 79 percent effective based on interim data from clinical trials, did not respond to interview requests.
Chinese vaccine companies have been “slow and spotty” in releasing their trial data, compared with companies like Pfizer and Moderna, said Yanzhong Huang (黃嚴忠), a global health expert at the US think tank Council for Foreign Relations.
None of China’s three vaccine candidates used globally have publicly released their late-stage clinical trial data.
CanSino, another Chinese company with a one-shot vaccine that it says is 65 percent effective, declined to be interviewed.
There is also confusion around Sinovac’s efficacy. In Turkey, where Sinovac conducted part of its efficacy trials, officials have said the vaccine was 91 percent effective.
However, in Brazil, officials revised the efficacy rate in late-stage clinical trials from 78 percent to just more than 50 percent after including mild infections.
An expert panel in Hong Kong published data submitted by Sinovac to health regulators that showed the vaccine was just more than 50 percent effective.
Globally, public health officials have said any vaccine that is at least 50 percent effective is useful.
Receiving countries are also worried that China’s vaccine diplomacy might come at a cost. In the Philippines, where Beijing is donating 600,000 vaccines, a senior diplomat said Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi (王毅) gave a subtle message to tone down public criticism of growing Chinese assertiveness in the disputed South China Sea.
The diplomat said Wang did not ask for anything in exchange for vaccines, but it was clear he wanted “friendly exchanges in public, like control your megaphone diplomacy a little.”
The diplomat spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the issue publicly.
Still, the pandemic’s urgency has largely superseded hesitations over China’s vaccines.
“Vaccines, particularly those made in the West, are reserved for rich countries,” said one Egyptian official, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the matter. “We had to guarantee a vaccine. Any vaccine.”
Former Nicaraguan president Violeta Chamorro, who brought peace to Nicaragua after years of war and was the first woman elected president in the Americas, died on Saturday at the age of 95, her family said. Chamorro, who ruled the poor Central American country from 1990 to 1997, “died in peace, surrounded by the affection and love of her children,” said a statement issued by her four children. As president, Chamorro ended a civil war that had raged for much of the 1980s as US-backed rebels known as the “Contras” fought the leftist Sandinista government. That conflict made Nicaragua one of
COMPETITION: The US and Russia make up about 90 percent of the world stockpile and are adding new versions, while China’s nuclear force is steadily rising, SIPRI said Most of the world’s nuclear-armed states continued to modernize their arsenals last year, setting the stage for a new nuclear arms race, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) said yesterday. Nuclear powers including the US and Russia — which account for about 90 percent of the world’s stockpile — had spent time last year “upgrading existing weapons and adding newer versions,” researchers said. Since the end of the Cold War, old warheads have generally been dismantled quicker than new ones have been deployed, resulting in a decrease in the overall number of warheads. However, SIPRI said that the trend was likely
NUCLEAR WARNING: Elites are carelessly fomenting fear and tensions between nuclear powers, perhaps because they have access to shelters, Tulsi Gabbard said After a trip to Hiroshima, US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard on Tuesday warned that “warmongers” were pushing the world to the brink of nuclear war. Gabbard did not specify her concerns. Gabbard posted on social media a video of grisly footage from the world’s first nuclear attack and of her staring reflectively at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial. On Aug. 6, 1945, the US obliterated Hiroshima, killing 140,000 people in the explosion and by the end of the year from the uranium bomb’s effects. Three days later, a US plane dropped a plutonium bomb on Nagasaki, leaving abut 74,000 people dead by the
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is to visit Canada next week, his first since relations plummeted after the assassination of a Canadian Sikh separatist in Vancouver, triggering diplomatic expulsions and hitting trade. Analysts hope it is a step toward repairing ties that soured in 2023, after then-Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau pointed the finger at New Delhi’s involvement in murdering Hardeep Singh Nijjar, claims India furiously denied. An invitation extended by new Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney to Modi to attend the G7 leaders summit in Canada offers a chance to “reset” relations, former Indian diplomat Harsh Vardhan Shringla said. “This is a