A European and NASA spacecraft has snapped the closest pictures ever taken of the sun, revealing countless little “campfires” flaring everywhere.
Scientists on Thursday released the first images taken by Solar Orbiter, launched from Cape Canaveral in February.
The orbiter was about 77 million kilometers from the sun — about halfway between Earth and the sun — when it took the stunning high-resolution pictures last month.
Photo: AFP /SOLAR ORBITER/EUI/ESA/NASA
NASA’s Parker Solar Probe is flying much closer to the sun than Solar Orbiter — too close for cameras to photograph the sun. Its lone camera faces away from the sun to observe the solar wind.
That is why Solar Orbiter’s new pictures showing vibrant swirls of yellow and dark smoky gray — the first images from so close and at such small scale — are so precious.
The team had to create a new vocabulary to name these tiny flare-ups, European Space Agency project scientist Daniel Muller said.
Muller described the observed multitude of “campfires” shooting into the corona, or the sun’s crown-like outer atmosphere, as quite possibly “the tiny cousins of the solar flares that we already know.”
Millions if not billions of times smaller, these tiny flares might be heating the corona, he said, long known to be hundreds of times hotter than the actual solar surface for unknown reasons.
The Royal Observatory of Belgium’s David Berghmans, principal scientist of the instrument that captured the images, said he was blown away.
He said his first response was: “This is not possible. It cannot be that good.”
“It was really much better than we expected, but what we dared to hope for,” Berghmans said.
These so-called campfires are “literally everywhere we look,” he added.
Not yet well understood, they could be mini-explosions, or nanoflares. More measurements are planned.
The US$1.5 billion spacecraft is to tilt its orbit as the mission continues, providing unprecedented views of the sun’s poles. This vantage point is to allow it to capture the first pictures of the solar poles.
Solar Orbiter is to get even closer to the sun in two years.
“This is just the beginning of the long epic journey of Solar Orbiter,” Muller said.
COVID-19 has forced Solar Orbiter’s scientists to work from home for months. Only a few engineers are allowed at any one time inside the control center in Darmstadt, Germany.
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