With cat photographs and sometimes scathing irony, Switzerland-based Mathieu Rebeaud biochemistry researcher has nearly tripled his Twitter following since the COVID-19 pandemic began.
With 14,000 followers, he posts almost daily, giving explanations on the latest scientific research and, in particular, aims to fight misinformation that spreads as fast as the novel coronavirus.
He is among a growing number of doctors, academics and institutions who in the past several weeks have adapted and amplified their scientific messaging in hopes of countering what has been termed an “infodemic” — a deluge of information, including widespread false claims, which experts have said can pose a serious threat to public health.
However, to cut through the noise, it is imperative to work quickly and maximize social media engagement to get simple prevention messages across to the public, researchers and specialists said.
“In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, conspiracy theories provide complete, simple, seemingly rationalistic and watertight explanations,” University of Helsinki researcher Kinga Polynczuk-Alenius said.
“This is in stark contrast to the available scientific knowledge — complex, fragmented, changeable and contested — and to the actions of political decisionmakers and state authorities, which appear haphazard and self-contradictory,” she said.
In February, the British medical journal Lancet warned that “the rapid dissemination of trustworthy information” was needed most during a period of uncertainty.
This includes transparent identification of cases, data sharing and unhampered communication, as well as peer-reviewed research, it said.
However, rigorous and time-heavy scientific studies and publications compete with the immediacy of social media and a public often demanding firm and definitive answers.
“How do we communicate in this context of radical uncertainty?” asked Mikael Chambru, a scientific communication specialist at France’s Grenoble Alpes University.
Jean-Francois Chambon, a doctor and director of communications at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, said he had no choice but to forcefully deny a widely shared video in March accusing the institution of having “created” the coronavirus.
“We must go to any lengths” to debunk the lies, he said.
The institute created a Web page dedicated to educating the public about the virus, he added.
“We realized that there was a lot of ‘fake news’ on the subject,” Chambon said.
The institute has a combined 16,000 new subscribers per month on its social media networks, he said, compared with 4,000 before the pandemic.
French National Centre for Scientific Research ethics committee chairman Jean-Gabriel Ganascia agreed that the scientific community must counterattack in such situations.
Earlier this month, the Red Cross launched what it said was the first global network of social media influencers to battle misinformation and spread lifesaving content about the pandemic.
The WHO has entered into an agreement with Facebook to transmit information directly to users via personal message services.
However, it is often individual doctors and researchers who can have a strong influence online.
Dutch microbiologist Elisabeth Bik last week wrote on Twitter a one-sentence summary of a vast study on the effects of antiviral drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, just hours after its release.
Her tweet — “Each drug combination was associated with *lower* survival and more ventricular arrhythmias” — sparked a lively and wide-ranging debate online.
Scientists involved in the debate want to forge a “culture of science” among the public to help people understand what they hear and read, Chambru said.
Rather than simply imposing the view of a leading authority without any explanation, they aim to help people understand how science works, including the need for studies to abide by rules and standards, he said.
“The position of authority would be extremely unpopular with the public,” Ganascia said.
Rebeaud said that he was much less present on social media before the pandemic, but had felt drawn to defend science.
However, the battle feels unbalanced, said the researcher, who works at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland.
“Dismantling nonsense takes 10 times more energy than spreading it,” Rebeaud said, agreeing with the findings of a 2018 study by the magazine Science noting that “lies spread faster than the truth.”
Some scientists have called for a review of science education so that the public is less permeable to false information.
Information campaigns “cannot be perceived as an exclusive antidote to fight ‘fake news,’” Italian communications researcher Mafalda Sandrini said.
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