Scientists yesterday said they are closing in on a new game-changing vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), the world’s deadliest infectious disease, which claimed about 1.5 million lives last year.
A chronic lung disease that is curable, tuberculosis was one of the top 10 killers worldwide last year, particularly in developing countries.
The existing Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine — licensed for humans in 1921 — is only proven to be effective for children under five for limited forms of tuberculosis.
Photo: AFP
It does not protect against pulmonary tuberculosis, the most common form of the disease amongst adults and teens.
In a trial in three African nations, GlaxoSmithKline said its vaccine had 50 percent effectiveness three years after it was given to participants who already have tuberculosis bacteria, but have not fallen ill from the disease.
“These results demonstrate that for the first time in almost a century, the global community potentially has a new tool to help provide protection against TB,” GSK Vaccines’ chief medical officer Thomas Breuer said in a statement released at a conference on lung health in Hyderabad, India.
Campaigners said the trial in Kenya, South Africa and Zambia, involving more than 3,000 adults, was a crucial step amid a push for more funding for tuberculosis research.
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative director Mark Hatherill said a vaccine would be “the only way in the short-term to interrupt TB transmission and get control of the epidemic.”
Ann Ginsberg, senior technical adviser for the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative that has been taking part in the research, said 15 possible vaccines are at various stages of development around the world, but this was the most “exciting.”
If successful, the vaccine could “avert tens of millions of new cases of TB and save millions of lives globally,” she said.
“We are one more cautious, but exciting, step closer to a vaccine for tuberculosis,” said Paula Fujiwara, scientific director of the Paris-based International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
The results have to be further tested in longer and larger trials across broader ranges of populations and countries, the scientists said in the New England Journal of Medicine, where the report was published.
Breuer said it would take several years to complete the trials and get a license for a vaccine.
About one in four people worldwide carry latent tuberculosis, meaning they are infected with the bacteria, but are not sick and cannot transmit the disease.
Between 5 and 15 percent develop active tuberculosis. Those with compromised immune systems such as people with HIV are more vulnerable to falling sick.
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