Japan has given the green light to a controversial research process involving implanting animals with human stem cells that could eventually help grow human organs for transplant inside animal hosts.
The decision by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology on Friday to revise its guidelines means Japanese researchers can now apply for permits to carry out studies employing the technique, a ministry official said.
The process involves implanting embryonic animals, likely first pigs, with human “induced pluripotent stem” (iPS) cells, which can transform into the building blocks of any part of the body. The idea is for the iPS cells to grow into transplantable human organs inside the animal embryos.
Japan had previously required researchers to terminate animal embryos implanted with human cells after 14 days “due to ethical concerns over the vague line between human beings and animals,” the official said.
The old regulations also prevented researchers from placing the embryos into animal wombs to allow them to develop.
However, the ministry has dropped both restrictions “as we have concluded that there is technically zero risk of producing a new organism mixing human and animal elements under the research,” the official added.
Researchers will now, for instance, be allowed to create animal embryos with a human pancreas and transplant it into the womb of a pig, which could in theory result in the birth of a baby pig with a human pancreas.
In practice, where similar research has been carried elsewhere, the embryos have been terminated before delivery, avoiding the thorny moral issues raised by creating creatures that contain both human and animal cells.
Research involving the hybrids sometimes called “chimeras” — after the monster in Greek mythology with a lion’s head, goat’s body and dragon’s tail — has been controversial elsewhere too.
Ethical questions have been raised about the status of animals containing human cells, and whether human iPS cells implanted into animals could develop into brain matter or reproductive organs. However, a shortage of transplantable human organs has spurred a race to create mixed human-animal embryos.
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