Almost 60 percent of babies around the world are not breastfed within the first hour after their birth, putting them at risk of sickness and even death, a new report said.
Current guidelines from the WHO and UNICEF recommend babies should be breastfed within an hour of their birth and fed only by breastfeeding until they are six months old.
Breastfeeding offers both mothers and babies a host of benefits. It reduces the risk of breast cancer in women, while the first breast milk contains nutrients and antibodies — important for keeping the child safe against disease.
Photo: Reuters
It is also linked to a lower risk of future obesity in children, while the skin-to-skin contact allows the infant to come into contact with microbes from the mother that help to develop their immune system.
The WHO and UNICEF’s new report stresses that delays in breastfeeding can endanger babies.
“When breastfeeding is delayed after birth, the consequences can be life-threatening — and the longer newborns are left waiting, the greater the risk,” the authors said. “Improving breastfeeding practices could save the lives of more than 800,000 children under five every year, the vast majority of whom are under six months of age.”
The team behind the report highlighted previous research that found that a delay in breastfeeding is linked to an increased risk of infant death, with those first breastfed between two and 23 hours after birth facing a 30 percent higher risk of death within their first 28 days than those breastfed within the first hour after birth.
Babies breastfed for the first time at 24 hours after birth had twice the risk of death of those breastfed within their first hour.
The report, which is based on UNICEF data from 76 countries and does not include figures for North America, Australia, New Zealand or Western Europe, found that last year, about 78 million babies were not breastfed within the first hour after birth.
It also notes that the proportion of babies breastfed immediately after birth varied greatly from country to country: In eastern and southern African nations, almost two-thirds of babies are put to the breast within their first hour, compared with just under one-third in East Asia and the Pacific.
While the report acknowledges that some women cannot breastfeed, it says most women can do so if given the right support. In the UK, 90 percent of women give up on breastfeeding before they want to, and studies have suggested a lack of support is a factor.
The report said that a number of factors underpin whether babies are breastfed soon after birth. It says that babies born by cesarean sections are less likely to be breastfed within their first hour, and that skilled health providers at births need better training so they encourage and support breastfeeding.
The authors also said that cultural practices that involve feeding the baby with honey or other foods can delay breastfeeding.
The report sets out a number of recommendations to increase early initiation of breastfeeding, including encouraging community networks to promote breastfeeding, improving access to skilled breastfeeding counselors and cracking down on the marketing of breast milk substitutes, including formula.
“Initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of life is no easy feat: Mothers cannot be expected to do it alone,” the authors said. “The appropriate care of both newborn and mother in the moments after birth is critical to ensuring that breastfeeding not only begins, but continues successfully.”
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