Turkish and EU leaders on Friday agreed a “historic” deal for curbing the influx of migrants that has plunged Europe into its biggest refugee crisis since the end of World War II.
Under the deal, all migrants arriving in Greece from Turkey as early as today are to be turned back.
However, the leaders warned that a Herculean task lay ahead to implement the accord, while rights watchdogs said they would monitor it closely to ensure that those seeking asylum were protected.
Photo: AP
Turkey extracted a string of political and financial concessions in exchange for becoming a bulwark against the flow of desperate humanity heading to Europe from Syria and elsewhere.
“It is a historic day, because we reached a very important agreement between Turkey and the EU,” Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said after the deal was struck at a summit in Brussels. “We today realized that Turkey and the EU have the same destiny, the same challenges and the same future.”
EU President Donald Tusk said that under the deal, all “irregular” migrants would be returned to Turkey from today.
For every Syrian refugee expelled, the EU would resettle one directly from Turkey.
Tusk said the deal would only work as part of a broader plan, including support for Greece, the main point of entry for migrants to Europe, and cutting the flow of refugees through the Balkans to Germany.
“Some may think this agreement is a silver bullet, but reality is more complex,” said Tusk, who has played a leading role in a crisis that has seen 1.2 million asylum seekers reach Europe since January last year.
About 4,000 people, including women and children, have drowned crossing the Aegean Sea in flimsy smugglers’ boats, including 400 this year alone.
For its cooperation to stem the flow, Turkey won an acceleration of its long-stalled bid for EU membership, the doubling of refugee aid to 6 billion euros (US$6.8 billion) and visa-free travel for its nationals to Europe’s Schengen passport-free zone by June.
However, there remained huge doubts about how to implement such a scheme, not least due to still often-tense relations between Ankara and Brussels.
“This is a Herculean task facing us,” European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker told a news conference.
He said that about 4,000 border officials and other experts would need to start working immediately on implementing the deal that is to cost the EU up to 300 million euros over six months.
EU officials said that each application would be treated individually, with full rights of appeal and proper oversight.
Turkish officials as well as UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) officials are to be sent to the Greek islands to oversee the scheme.
The deal also envisages major aid for Greece, where tens of thousands of refugees are already trapped in dire conditions after Balkan nations shut their borders.
The deal would not affect the 46,000 migrants already in Greece, who are either to be expelled as economic migrants or granted asylum.
The UN and rights groups fear the deal could violate international law that forbids the mass deportation of refugees.
The UNHCR said the right to asylum must be paramount.
“Ultimately, the response must be about addressing the compelling needs of individuals fleeing war and persecution. Refugees need protection, not rejection,” it said in a statement.
Amnesty International set up a sign outside the summit venue reading: “Don’t trade refugees.”
The deal is a “historic blow to human rights,” Amnesty said.
Amnesty director for Europe and Central Asia John Dalhuisen accused the EU of seeking to “willfully ignore its international obligations.”
EU states have expressed concerns about Ankara’s human rights record, including its treatment of Kurds and a crackdown on critics of the government.
Far from the smiles in Brussels, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan blasted the EU for taking a “handful of refugees” in contrast to the nearly 3 million Turkey is hosting.
Erdogan accused Europe of supporting the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) days after a bombing in Ankara claimed by Kurdish rebels allegedly linked to the group.
“European countries are paying no attention, as if they are dancing in a minefield,” Erdogan said.
However, one major hurdle that was overcome was opposition from Cyprus, which has longstanding tensions with Turkey over Ankara’s refusal to recognize its government on the divided island.
The migrant crisis has left Europe increasingly divided, with fears that its Schengen passport-free zone could collapse as states reintroduce border controls and concerns over the rise of populism and anti-immigrant sentiment.
Greek Minister of the Interior Panagiotis Kouroumblis described the overwhelmed border town of Idomeni where many of the migrants are camped out as a “modern-day Dachau.”
Some migrants, speaking in a rain-sodden makeshift camp, said they would stay, some said they would try to get across the border and others said they were against moving to reception centers.
Imen, a 17-year-old girl traveling with her brother, mother and two aunts, said: “We have to meet our father, who is in Germany now. He left a few months ago to wait for us there. What are we going to do?”
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