The EU on Wednesday piled pressure on Greece over Europe’s refugee crisis, telling Athens to improve conditions for refugees and to shore up its borders or risk a suspension of the bloc’s passport-free zone.
Brussels said Athens must treat asylum seekers better so that other overstretched EU states can send back refugees who had originally landed in Greece, in line with EU rules.
Greece is bearing the brunt of concerns that the failure to deal properly with the biggest movement of refugees to Europe since World War II threatens the very fabric of the 28-nation bloc.
One million people entered Europe last year and 3,500 died trying to reach it by sea. Another 70,000 have arrived so far this year, with more than 400 deaths.
EU Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship Commissioner Dimitris Avramopoulos, unveiling a report on the crisis ahead of a summit next week, urged Greece and other states to do more before a new surge of refugees expected this summer.
“We have lost time already — this is a fact. And this is not acceptable,” he told a news conference at the European Commission.
The EU’s Dublin regulations on migration say people must apply for asylum in the country where they first land, but that system has been thrown into chaos by the conditions in Greece.
A ruling by the EU’s top court in 2011 at the height of Greece’s debt crisis said conditions for asylum seekers in Greece were degrading, meaning that other countries could not send them back.
“There are still key areas in the asylum process that need to be improved before the Dublin regulation can be fully applied to Greece again, notably in the areas of reception capacity and conditions, access to the asylum procedure, appeals and legal aid,” the commission said.
EU states are due next month to debate changes to the Dublin rules.
If Greece fails to comply with the recommendations, Brussels could authorize EU member countries to exceptionally extend border controls within the Schengen area — including with Greece — for up to two years.
Greece has been told to improve registration procedures, including making sure refugees are properly fingerprinted and their documents checked against security databases.
The envoys agreed to the plans, which must get final approval from EU ministers today, European sources said.
EU ambassadors in Brussels have backed demands by the commission for Greece to secure its sea and land border with Turkey, the access point for about 80 percent of refugees to Europe.
Berlin, Athens and Ankara have asked NATO to begin surveillance of the Aegean Sea to provide a “clear view” of how people-smugglers are operating on the Turkish coast.
“Germany, Greece and Turkey made a communal request for a surveillance mission in the Aegean Sea,” a German government source said on Wednesday.
The head of NATO has said he will give “very serious” consideration to the plan, which would be a first time the alliance has got involved in Europe’s refugee crisis.
However, anger is growing in Greece too, with hundreds of people on the island of Kos on Wednesday protesting against plans to build a refugee registration facility and voicing fears about its impact on tourism.
“No to the hotspot on our island,” read the banner leading the demonstration, referring to the facilities the EU wants built on the island of 30,000 inhabitants.
Avramopoulos had earlier called on Greece and Italy to “urgently” complete all the planned hotspots on their territory — with Greece having completed just one of five.
The criticism is certain to anger Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, who on Wednesday compared the EU to the orchestra playing on the deck of the ocean liner Titanic.
Avramopoulos hit out at EU members for dragging their heels on easing the burden for Greece and Italy. Just 479 out of a planned 160,000 people have been relocated to other states so far.
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