A 650-year-old urban walled village in Hong Kong — the last of its kind — is to be destroyed to ake way for development in what critics say is another nail in the coffin for the territory’s cultural heritage.
On a chilly morning, about 20 remaining residents of Nga Tsin Wai, an ancient settlement in the heart of bustling Kowloon, despondently packed their belongings before the wrecking ball arrives in the coming days. There were once dozens of such villages scattered across what became the urban center of the territory — they were built by Chinese clans centuries ago, complete with moats and watchtowers to guard against intruders.
While many walled villages still remain intact on the city’s rural outskirts, Nga Tsin Wai is the only one left in the heart of Hong Kong. The village was built in 1354 and the original walls and battlements have disappeared, leaving a collection of about 50 ramshackle houses, shops and a temple, hemmed in by concrete tower blocks that have grown up around it.
Authorities argue the village is in poor condition and should make way for better quality housing units in an overcrowded city — 750 new apartments are to be built on the site.
Heartbroken residents say it is the only place they call home.
“The village has a long history and we have been here for a long time, but we have been given no choice, but to leave,” one resident, Kwok Yue-ka, told reporters.
Kwok, a 52-year-old barber, held out until the eviction deadline, unhappy with the government’s compensation package. Authorities warned he must leave or risk jail.
Kwok said he received HK$200,000 (US$25,677) in compensation and would be moved to temporary housing.
“I have treated this as my only home. I have lived here for 20 years. Now the future is uncertain. I feel frustrated,” he said.
The destruction of historic buildings, old communities and street markets across Hong Kong has drawn widespread criticism in recent years.
The last decade has seen the demolition of the landmark Queen’s Pier, built during the British colonial era, swept away for a bypass and harbor front development. An entire street in the Wan Chai neighborhood — known as “wedding card street” for the abundance of shops selling traditional Chinese wedding invitations — was demolished to make way for residential development and luxury stores.
The government is under pressure to find space for 400,000 new housing units over the next 10 years to remedy the shortage of affordable homes as property prices have skyrocketed.
However, while there is a pressing need for more accommodation, District Councilor Paul Zimmerman, an advocate of sustainable urban planning, said Hong Kongers were beginning to question the sacrifices made.
“How do you balance the [economic] gains and the impact on individuals? How do you maintain these areas without destroying the local culture?” Zimmerman asked. “We have to take a more careful approach.”
Hong Kong’s Urban Renewal Authority, which is overseeing the redevelopment of Nga Tsin Wai walled village, described it as “decrepit” and said only a small number of villagers would be affected.
“The living conditions are poor due to the lack of proper maintenance and sanitation facilities,” a spokeswoman told reporters.
She said current residents did not have the legal right to live there, because the land is owned by the government, adding that some elements would be preserved, including the village temple.
However, campaigners say it is not just about bricks and mortar, as the social fabric and way of life of the village disappears.
“Culture is cultivated by people who live there. Without the people, the area is dead even if the buildings are splendid,” said Ho Chi-fung of the Grassroots Housing Rights Alliance, a concern group for the housing needs of underprivileged Hong Kong residents.
Residents have gradually moved away from the village over the past 20 years and empty houses have been knocked down, but a small community remained, including a traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, barber shops and handcraft sellers.
“We are losing a tradition... It will only become a money-making project,” said a knifemaker, surnamed Fan, who recently moved out ahead of the demolition.
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