Surging environmental crime, from illegal logging to elephant poaching, is worth up to US$213 billion a year and is helping to fund armed conflicts while cutting economic growth, a UN and Interpol report said on Tuesday.
The study was released at a UN meeting of environmental ministers in Nairobi amd called for tougher action to prevent crimes such as illegal logging, fishing, mining, dumping of toxic waste, as well as trade in rare animals and plants.
“Many criminal networks are making phenomenal profits from environmental crime,” UN Environment Programme Executive Director Achim Steiner told reporters. “It is a financing machine.”
Photo: Reuters
An “enormous increase” in environmental crime in recent years is helping to fund militias and insurgents while depriving developing nations of billions of dollars in revenues to help lift citizens from poverty, he said.
The study estimated that environmental crime was worth between US$70 billion and US$213 billion a year. By comparison, global development aid to poor nations totals US$135 billion.
For instance, the report estimated that illicit trade in charcoal in Africa, where wood is a main source of energy, was worth UD$1.9 billion a year. Islamist insurgent group al-Shabaab made millions of dollars by taxing charcoal at ports and roadblocks in Somalia.
Rising wealth in China and other Asian nations is driving demand for everything from ivory to rhino horn, seen as status symbols by a rapidly growing middle class.
The report estimated that about 20,000 to 25,000 elephants are killed in Africa every year, out of a total population of up to about 650,000. Militias in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic have exploited ivory to raise cash.
The report called for stronger environmental laws and enforcement.
Among some successes, the report cited a drop in deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon to its lowest rate in 2012 since monitoring began in 1988 because of satellite imaging and targeted police operations.
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