As children climb into boats to get to school and scores of hoses pump floodwaters from fields day and night, one corner of southwest England is trying to reclaim its land. Other Britons watch and wonder: How much can you fight the sea?
On the Somerset Levels — a marshy, low-lying region dotted with farmland and villages and crisscrossed by rivers — thousands of acres have been under water for weeks.
Some villages have been cut off for a month, leaving residents who have been forced to make long detours or take boats to school, work or grocery shops frustrated and angry.
Some blame budget cuts and inept environmental bureaucracy by the British government. Others point to climate change. Some wonder if flood defenses for major cities like nearby Bristol or London will take precedence over protecting their rural hamlets.
“I’m used to seeing floods on the Levels, but this is just something else,” 28-year-old Kris Davies said at his cottage in the village of Thorney.
He said when the area flooded less severely last winter “we were told it was a one-in-100-year occurrence. The following year it happens again — only worse.”
The disaster has put the Levels at the center of a debate about the effects of climate change and the cost of preserving an agricultural landscape created over the centuries since medieval monks began draining the wetlands around nearby Glastonbury Abbey.
Rainstorms have battered Britain since December and last month was the wettest in more than a century in southern England. The region was due to be hit by more rain and gale-force winds yesterday.
Floods have already inundated an area covering about 65km2. The River Parrett and other waterways have burst their banks and fields that normally sustain crops, dairy herds and beef cattle are under more than 1m of water.
Many roads are impassible and the village of Muchelney is now an island reached only by boats run by firefighters.
On one road, the top of a car peeks out above the water.
Davies’ home in Thorney, a hamlet of sandstone-colored buildings and thatched cottages, is normally a few minutes’ drive from Muchelney. It now takes 45 minutes to get there unless you take a boat.
No one in Somerset thinks floods can be avoided. Much of this land is below sea level and it is as marshy and porous as a sponge. However, many locals blame this year’s devastation on the British Environment Agency’s decision, in the 1990s, to abandon a policy of routinely dredging local rivers, which are now clogged with silt and running at between a third and two-thirds of capacity.
They say this disaster has been building for years.
“A really carefully constructed landscape which works quite well, which has worked for 800 years, has suddenly been left untended,” said Andrew Lee, founder of the Stop the Floods advocacy group. “There are fields I can see from my house that were underwater for 11 months between 2012 and 2013,” he said. “The anger around here is that it has taken another major disaster for it to get any attention at all.”
Some say spending cuts by Britain’s government have made things worse. The environment department has seen its budget reduced by ￡500 million (US$820 million) since 2010.
The Environment Agency says budget cuts have not weakened its flood protection efforts. However, agency head Chris Smith, in an article for Monday’s Daily Telegraph, said that the relentless demand on resources meant “difficult decisions” about what to save: “town or country, front rooms or farmland?”
The British government also said that dredging alone was not the solution. It speeds up rivers and can cause flooding downstream and it disturbs the habitats of fish, otters and water voles, an endangered rodent.
The waters have receded only slightly, despite having 65 pumps running around-the clock to drain almost 1.5 million tonnes of water a day from the land.
British Prime Minister David Cameron has promised to resume dredging.
Some environmentalists and scientists say in the long run, as ocean levels rise, it is a doomed effort. They talk about “a managed retreat” — abandoning some farmland and letting marsh and sea reclaim it.
“Retreat is the only sensible policy,” Colin Thorne, a flood expert at Nottingham University told the Sunday Telegraph. “If we fight nature, we will lose in the end.”
Others, though, want to be as ambitious as the medieval monks who transformed a marsh into valuable farmland.
“You’ve got to think big,” said John Wood, a parish councilor who asked why not keep the water, collecting it in giant reservoirs.
“You’ve got boating lakes, you’ve got fishing. Tourists will come,” he said.
He said that was a better idea than rows of pumps fruitlessly trying to compete with nature at a current cost of ￡100,000 a day.
“What are we doing at the moment? We’re pouring banknotes into that river and watching it go out to sea,” he said.
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