An annual US Department of State report on Wednesday cited Russia and China among the world’s worst offenders in fighting forced labor and sex trafficking, which could lead to US sanctions, prompting angry rebuttals from Moscow and Beijing.
The report said Russia had failed to provide systematic safeguards for victims of trafficking. China, it said, had done too little to outlaw all forms of trafficking and punish perpetrators.
The US designation drops Russia and China, already often at odds with Washington, in the same category as North Korea and Iran.
Photo: AFP
The Department of State ranks countries according to the efforts they make to fight human trafficking. Russia, China and Uzbekistan all fell to the lowest level, Tier 3.
Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying the report used “unacceptable methodology,” grouping countries according to their degree of sympathy with Washington.
“In fighting organized crime, including countering trafficking, Russian authorities will never follow instructions worked out in another country, let alone fulfill conditions presented nearly in the form of an ultimatum,” it said.
Russia, it said, would retaliate against any sanctions.
In Beijing, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokeswoman Hua Chunying (華春瑩) said Washington “should take an objective and impartial view of China’s efforts, and stop making unilateral or arbitrary judgments of China.”
China “has achieved remarkable progress in fighting domestic and transnational trafficking,” she told a briefing.
The US report acknowledged that China had taken some steps, such as vowing to work with international organizations and increasing public awareness, but said it also continued to perpetuate the problem in hundreds of its own institutions.
“Despite these modest signs of interest in anti-trafficking reforms, the Chinese government did not demonstrate significant efforts to comprehensively prohibit and punish all forms of trafficking and to prosecute traffickers,” US officials wrote.
The report said China’s one-child policy and preference for sons had reduced the number of women in the country, generating demand for women as brides or prostitutes.
Russia’s government “had not established any concrete system for the identification or care of trafficking victims, lacking any formal victim identification and referral mechanism,” although there were some “ad hoc efforts,” the report said.
The findings are likely to further complicate relations between the US and the two countries, already strained by the handling of the civil war in Syria and cybersecurity, among other issues.
While it was not immediately clear what the Obama administration might do given the downgrade, human rights advocates and some US lawmakers urged strong steps, such as imposing sanctions or withholding foreign aid.
“China has become the sex and labor trafficking capital of the world,” US Representative Chris Smith said. “Without serious and sustained action by Beijing, it is only going to get worse.”
Under US law, Tier 3 countries may face sanctions that do not affect trade or humanitarian assistance, such as educational funding or culture programs.
Human Rights Watch Asia advocacy director John Sifton said China and Russia had been given several chances to improve their efforts to combat trafficking and protect victims.
“The question for the White House is whether they’re prepared to execute the sanctions,” he said. “The question for China, Russia and Uzbekistan is whether they’re prepared to make commitments in the next 90 days to avoid those sanctions.”
Despite pledges to combat such crimes, countries have failed to identify tens of millions of victims, according to the report, which ranked 188 countries and territories.
Just 40,000 victims of “modern slavery” were identified last year among the estimated 27 million men, women and children who are held against their will globally, the report said.
“Despite a growing body of knowledge about victims and their needs, finding them remains a tremendous challenge,” officials wrote in this year’s Trafficking in Persons Report.
Most victims were women and girls, although many men and boys were also affected.
Human trafficking practices can range from prostitution to forced labor among migrants or domestic servitude — and children also can be victims.
US President Barack Obama last year pledged to step up the US’ effort to target trafficking.
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