Our Milky Way is home to at least 17 billion planets that are similar in size to Earth, a new estimate suggests. That is more than two Earth-size planets for every person on the globe.
Just how many are located in the sweet spot where water could exist is “simply too early to call,” said Francois Fressin of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, who presented his work at an astronomy meeting on Monday.
It is the first reliable tally of the number of worlds outside the solar system that are the size of Earth, but the hunt for our twin is far from over.
Despite the explosion of exoplanet discoveries in recent years, one find remains elusive: A planet that is not only the right size, but also in the so-called Goldilocks zone, where it is not too hot or too cold for water to be in liquid form on the surface.
The sheer number of Earth-size planets gives astronomers a starting point to narrow down which ones are in the habitable zone.
Fressin and his team came up with their figure by conducting a fresh analysis of data collected by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft, which was launched in 2009 to track down other “earths.” They estimated that at least one in six stars in the galaxy hosts a planet the size of ours, translating to at least 17 billion Earth-size worlds.
Using a different method, a team from the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Hawaii separately came up with a similar estimate. They calculated that 17 percent of distant stars have planets that are the same size as Earth or slightly larger.
The findings were presented at the American Astronomical Society in Long Beach, California.
Meanwhile, the Kepler spacecraft continues to spot planets as they pass between Earth and the star they orbit. It found 461 new candidate planets, bringing the total to 2,740 potential planets, mission scientist Christopher Burke said at the SETI Institute.
Most of the new Kepler finds were driven by discoveries of Earth-size planets and super-Earths. Four of those are thought to reside in the Goldilocks zone, but more observations are needed.
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