China is seeking to expand its influence in South Asia at India’s expense, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh warned in rare public criticism of his country’s rival for regional resources and geopolitical clout.
Singh’s comments follow repeated diplomatic sparring between the two Asian powers in the last two years, reflecting growing friction over their disputed borders and roles as emerging global powers despite bilateral trade that has grown 30-fold since 2000.
“China would like to have a foothold in South Asia and we have to reflect on this reality,” Singh was quoted as saying by the Times of India yesterday. “We have to be aware of this ... There is a new assertiveness among the Chinese. It is difficult to tell which way it will go. So it’s important to be prepared.”
The newspaper also quoted Singh as saying that China could use India’s “soft underbelly” of Kashmir, a region disputed with Pakistan, “to keep India in low level equilibrium.”
However, it also quoted Singh as saying he believed the world was large enough for India and China to “cooperate and compete.”
An official at the prime minister’s office, on condition of anonymity, said the newspaper quotes were correct. The Chinese foreign ministry had no immediate comment.
Analysts said that despite decades of mistrust, the current spat is unlikely to snowball if past diplomatic sparring is anything to go by. China is now India’s biggest trade partner.
“The reality is that there are problems between the two countries that have been left over from history, but these shouldn’t be a barrier to developing broader relations,” said Zhao Gancheng (趙干城), an expert on Sino-Indian relations in Beijing.
“Mutual confidence between the countries is far from sufficient,” he added. “That problem is rising in importance.”
China defeated India in a 1962 war, but they still spar over their disputed 3,500km border and the presence of exiled Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, in India. China’s support for India’s arch-enemy Pakistan, which backs separatists in disputed Kashmir and also claims the region in full, has not helped defuse tensions.
India holds 45 percent of the disputed Himalayan region, while Pakistan controls a third. China holds the remainder of Kashmir, an icy desert plateau known as Aksai China. India and Pakistan, have fought two wars over Kashmir.
Singh’s comments might reflect government displeasure at China’s current stance on these issues.
“His [Singh’s] understanding is China has crossed the red lines that affect India’s core sovereignty concerns,” said Srikanth Kondapalli, chairman of the Centre for East Asian Studies at New Delhi’s Jawaharlal Nehru University.”
“There are green lines such as trade, but there are concerns there as well such as the [trade] imbalance and anti-dumping concerns. There is also a realization in India that you have to make your displeasure more explicit to be taken seriously,” Kondapalli said.
Last month, India criticized China’s denial of a visa to an Indian army general who had operated in Kashmir. New Delhi later said it was worried by China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean region.
China has invested in the ports in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, as well as the mining and energy sectors in Myanmar, irking India as it seeks to protect shipping lanes in a region that feeds 80 percent of China’s and 65 percent of India’s oil needs.
Last year, the Indian media reported on Chinese incursions along the border, incidents the India government shrugged off.
However, Indian worries constantly surface, particularly over Chinese development projects in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir and near their disputed border.
Politics aside, the value of bilateral deals between China and India was expected to exceed US$60 billion this year, a 30-fold increase since 2000, raising the stakes in maintaining peace. However, India has imposed tougher security measures on some business with China, including telecommunications imports.
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