The White House was halfway to its goal of winning expanded powers to eavesdrop on suspected foreign terrorists.
Senate Democrats reluctantly agreed to passing a bill on Friday night to update the 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). The House of Representatives was expected to consider it yesterday after rejecting a Democratic alternative the night before.
The high-stakes showdown over national security hinged largely on how early a special court will review the government's surveillance of foreigners' overseas phone calls and Internet messages without warrants.
US President George W. Bush has demanded that Congress give him the expanded authority before leaving for vacation this weekend.
The White House applauded the Senate vote and urged the House to quickly follow suit.
The bill "will give our intelligence professionals the essential tools they need to protect our nation," White House spokesman Tony Fratto said. "It is urgent that this legislation become law as quickly as possible."
The Senate-approved plan, largely crafted by the White House, was barely pushed through after Bush promised to veto a stricter proposal that would have required a court review within 10 days. It gives Bush the expanded eavesdropping authority for six months.
Senate Republicans, aided by Director of National Intelligence Mike McConnell, said the update to FISA would at least temporarily close gaps in the country's security.
"Al-Qaeda is not going on vacation this month," Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell said. "And we can't either until we know we've done our duty to the American people."
In the House, Democrats lost an effort to push a proposal that called for stricter court oversight of the way the government would ensure its spying would not target Americans.
"We can have security and our civil liberties," Democratic Representative John Tierney said.
Current law requires court review of government surveillance of suspected terrorists in the US. It does not specifically address the government's ability to intercept messages believed to come from foreigners overseas.
The Bush administration began pressing for changes after a recent ruling by the special FISA court that barred the government from eavesdropping on foreign suspects whose messages were being routed through US communications carriers, including Internet sites.
Democrats agreed the law should not restrict US spies from tapping in on foreign suspects. However, they initially demanded that the FISA court review the eavesdropping process before it begins to make sure that Americans are not targeted.
Representative Russ Feingold angrily chastised his colleagues for bending to the administration's will.
"The day we start deferring to someone who's not a member of this body ... is a sad day for the US Senate," he said.
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