Climate change is partly to blame for the conflict in Sudan's Darfur region, where droughts have provoked fighting over water sources, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said in a newspaper editorial.
"Almost invariably, we discuss Darfur in a convenient military and political shorthand -- an ethnic conflict pitting Arab militias against black rebels and farmers," Ban wrote in an editorial that appeared in Saturday's Washington Post. "Look to its roots, though, and you discover a more complex dynamic."
Rainfall in Sudan began declining two decades ago, a phenomenon due "to some degree, from man-made global warming," said Ban, who has made both the Darfur conflict and climate change priorities.
Settled farmers and Arab nomadic herders had gotten along until the drought, he wrote, but as conditions worsened, water and food shortages disrupted the peace and "evolved into the full-fledged tragedy we witness today."
Ban said similar ecological problems are behind conflicts in other countries, including Somalia and Ivory Coast.
More than 200,000 people have been killed in Darfur since 2003, when local rebels took up arms against the Sudanese government, accusing it of decades of neglect. Sudanese leaders are accused of unleashing the pro-government Arab militia, known as the Janjaweed, a charge the government denies.
After months of UN and Western pressure, Sudan agreed in the past week to allow a joint UN-African Union (AU) force of up to 19,000 peacekeepers to replace the 7,000-member AU mission now in Darfur.
Ban called the agreement "significant progress" after "four years of diplomatic inertia." But he warned that a long-term solution was needed for "the essential dilemma" -- the scarcity of good land.
"Any peace in Darfur must be built on solutions that go to the root causes of the conflict," he said.
The UN chief called for sustained economic development, possibly involving new irrigation and water storage techniques and efforts to improve health, education and roads.
"The international community needs to help organize these efforts, teaming with the Sudanese government as well as the international aid agencies and nongovernmental organizations working so heroically on the ground," Ban said.
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