For nine months, a gaping hole in the ground has spit out a biblical-scale torrent of hot, black mud, swallowing thousands of homes outside Indonesia's second-largest city and attracting amazed geologists from around the world.
Most say the flow is unstoppable, but Indonesian experts refuse to listen and have recently begun carrying out a scheme straight from a Hollywood movie: dropping nearly 1,500 concrete balls into the mouth of the mud volcano.
"We know lots of people think this is a crazy idea," said Satria Bijaksana, one of three geologists behind the US$130 million plan aimed at reducing the sludge spew by up to 70 percent. "But we think it will work."
Mud volcanos are fairly common along volatile tectonic belts and in areas rich in oil and natural gas, like Indonesia.
But the eruption just outside the city of Surabaya is exceptional because of the sheer volume of mud surging from the hole each day -- enough to fill 50 Olympic-sized swimming pools.
Twelve villages and 20 factories have been swallowed, with mud-caked roofs and the lamppost tops the only reminders of what once was there.
Some scientists suggest the rupture was triggered by improper drilling at a nearby natural gas site. Other research points to a major earthquake two days before the mud first appeared in a rice field in May last year.
The ball-dropping operation, which began last month, follows several failed attempts to contain or stop the mud.
Engineers tried earthen dams to hold back the sludge, but they are about to overflow. The mud's viscosity hindered efforts to channel it into the sea.
A plan to cap the volcano with concrete was abandoned almost immediately as ill-conceived.
Now, engineers are using a pulley system to hoist the beachball-sized concrete spheres over the crater before dropping them from a height of about two stories. The balls, each weighing about 70kg, are chained together in clusters of four.
So far, nearly 150 have been tossed into the abyss -- too few to make a real impact.
The government has given the plan another five weeks to make a difference, or walk away and let the volcano run its course.
Critics said almost everything depends on the shape of the gullet, which the ball-dropping team believes resembles a champagne glass, although recent sonar readings indicated its base may be larger than initially thought.
"The hope is that the balls will fit snuggle at the bottom, but it is unlikely to be that simple," said Richard Davies, a geologist at Durham University in Britain who has studied the mud volcano, noting that there apparently are several separate vents.
"When they drop these balls in, it could be that they just drop straight down. They could drop hundreds of meters and just fill a large void," he said.
Another concern is that if the hole is effectively blocked, pressure will build up behind the balls and trigger eruptions elsewhere.
"It's like putting your thumb at the end a hose pipe -- a fairly rotten hose which could spring a leak anywhere along its length," Davies said.
Thousands gathered across New Zealand yesterday to celebrate the signing of the country’s founding document and some called for an end to government policies that critics say erode the rights promised to the indigenous Maori population. As the sun rose on the dawn service at Waitangi where the Treaty of Waitangi was first signed between the British Crown and Maori chiefs in 1840, some community leaders called on the government to honor promises made 185 years ago. The call was repeated at peaceful rallies that drew several hundred people later in the day. “This government is attacking tangata whenua [indigenous people] on all
RIGHTS FEARS: A protester said Beijing would use the embassy to catch and send Hong Kongers to China, while a lawmaker said Chinese agents had threatened Britons Hundreds of demonstrators on Saturday protested at a site earmarked for Beijing’s controversial new embassy in London over human rights and security concerns. The new embassy — if approved by the British government — would be the “biggest Chinese embassy in Europe,” one lawmaker said earlier. Protester Iona Boswell, a 40-year-old social worker, said there was “no need for a mega embassy here” and that she believed it would be used to facilitate the “harassment of dissidents.” China has for several years been trying to relocate its embassy, currently in the British capital’s upmarket Marylebone district, to the sprawling historic site in the
‘IMPOSSIBLE’: The authors of the study, which was published in an environment journal, said that the findings appeared grim, but that honesty is necessary for change Holding long-term global warming to 2°C — the fallback target of the Paris climate accord — is now “impossible,” according to a new analysis published by leading scientists. Led by renowned climatologist James Hansen, the paper appears in the journal Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development and concludes that Earth’s climate is more sensitive to rising greenhouse gas emissions than previously thought. Compounding the crisis, Hansen and colleagues argued, is a recent decline in sunlight-blocking aerosol pollution from the shipping industry, which had been mitigating some of the warming. An ambitious climate change scenario outlined by the UN’s climate
BACK TO BATTLE: North Korean soldiers have returned to the front lines in Russia’s Kursk region after earlier reports that Moscow had withdrawn them following heavy losses Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy on Friday pored over a once-classified map of vast deposits of rare earths and other critical minerals as part of a push to appeal to US President Donald Trump’s penchant for a deal. The US president, whose administration is pressing for a rapid end to Ukraine’s war with Russia, on Monday said he wanted Ukraine to supply the US with rare earths and other minerals in return for financially supporting its war effort. “If we are talking about a deal, then let’s do a deal, we are only for it,” Zelenskiy said, emphasizing Ukraine’s need for security guarantees