A sabotage campaign by the nation's most radical environmental group has moved from the countryside to the doorstep of the nation's biggest cities.
The Earth Liberation Front (ELF), a movement that originated in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, has claimed responsibility for a string of arsons in the suburbs of Los Angeles, Detroit, San Diego and Philadelphia in the past 12 months. No one has been charged in any of the attacks.
The attacks, which included the costliest act of environmental sabotage in US history, have targeted luxury homes and SUVs, the suburban status symbols that some environmentalists regard as despoilers of the Earth.
"Their actions used to be aimed at `out in the country' industries," said Ron Arnold of the Bellevue, Washington-based Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, who has written several books criticizing the environmental movement's radical wing. "Now they are moving from a save-the-wilderness focus to an anti-capitalist focus."
This summer, environmentalists in Southern California turned six-figure luxury homes under construction into charred sticks of wood, destroyed an unfinished 206-unit apartment complex and firebombed brand-new Hummers, the mammoth sport-utility vehicles that start at US$50,000.
Rod Coronado, a legendary figure in the underground movement who is serving as an ELF spokesman and has drawn scrutiny from the FBI, said the group is being transformed by a new generation of activists.
"When I got involved in the mid-1980s, tree-spiking" -- pounding spikes into trees to prevent loggers with chainsaws from cutting them down -- "was a big deal," said Coronado, 37, who played a part in sinking two whaling ships in Iceland and served time in prison for an arson attack at a Michigan State University animal-research lab. "What that's morphed into is a more urban environmental movement, whereby people are fighting for the last wild places in urban areas."
He said the young activists are "doing the only thing they know to do and that is strike a match and draw a whole lot of attention to their dissatisfaction with protecting the environment."
The ELF is the FBI's No. 1 domestic terrorism priority. The organization has done more than US$100 million damage -- but caused no deaths -- since it split off from the radical environmental group Earth First! and surfaced in the US five years ago.
The ELF first took aim at urban sprawl in 2000, when it burned luxury homes and condos under construction on New York's Long Island. But Phil Celestini, the agent in charge of the FBI's domestic terrorism operations unit in Washington, noted that the San Diego fires "are taking place in more densely populated areas than in the past."
On Aug. 1, a fire destroyed a five-story, 206-unit apartment complex under construction in San Diego's University City neighborhood.
The damage estimate of US$50 million made it "the single largest act of property destruction ever committed by one of these groups in the history of the country," Celestini said. "It's sheer dumb luck and providence that someone has not been killed. You set a fire that big, there's no way of predicting what the ultimate consequences will be."
In the wake of the attacks, other San Diego developers have installed security cameras and hire guards to keep an eye on properties around the clock, said Russ Valone, of the California Building Industry Association, which has offered a US$25,000 reward for information leading to an arrest in the apartment-complex arson.
Guidelines posted on the ELF's Web site stress the need to take "all necessary precautions against harming life." But the group's message has been mixed.
Mainstream environmental groups have taken pains to distance themselves from the ELF.
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