1. 該協會於全球九十個國家擁有逾一百萬名會員。
ˇ The association consists of over 1 million members in 90 countries.
χ The association consists in over 1 million members in 90 countries.
Photo: AdobeStock l 照片：Adobe Stock
註：consist of 是「由……組成」，而consist in是「在於」、「就是」，比較下列句子：
Our department consists of three sections.
Success consists in perseverance.
Photo: AdobeStock l 照片：Adobe Stock
Happiness consists in doing one’s duty.
2. 我們的任何錯誤將來都可能帶來麻煩。
ˇ Any mistakes on our part now may lead to problems later on.
χ Any mistakes on our part now may lead into problems later on.
註：說「導致」、「引起」用lead to，如to lead to trouble，to lead to disaster，to lead to problems，to lead to something unpleasant等。表示「向某物內部的動向」可用into，如go into a room，to come into a building，to get into trouble等。
3. 這本書是E．M．福斯特的作品，不是喬治．歐威爾。
ˇ This book was written by E. M. Foster, not by George Orwell.
χ This book was written by E. M. Foster instead of George Orwell.
註：instead of 表示某事本應如此，或照常情、照一般推理應該如此而事實上卻相反，例如：
我本想買一本《哈姆雷特》，卻買了一本《李爾王》。
I intended to buy a Hamlet, but I bought a King Lear instead.
我去看王先生，王先生沒見到，倒遇到了李先生。
I met Li instead of Wang.
表示「不是……而是」時，則不可用instead of，而用not by…或not... but...。
4. 我幫她在牆上貼海報。
ˇ I helped her put some posters on the wall.
χ I helped her put some posters above the wall.
註：above和on都作「在……上面」解，但above是一個東西在某個東西的上面，中間不接觸。例如：
The sun is high above me.
on是一在上一在下，二者接觸的。例如：
I carry a pole on my left shoulder.
5. 她因生病不能來。
ˇ She cannot come because of illness.
χ She cannot come for illness.
註：介詞for 作「原因」、「由於」解，常與動詞punish，excuse，criticize等連用，或與形容詞angry，famous等連用。例如：
He was criticized for his neglect of duty.
Hualien is famous for its beautiful scenery.
Exercises:
A. 新冠肺炎（COVID-19）是由病毒引起的，而非細菌所致。
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a virus, __________ bacteria.
1. not by 2. more than
3. instead of 4. rather than
B. 銀河系由超過一千億顆恆星組成。
The Galaxy consists __________ over 100 billion stars.
1. to 2. on
3. in 4. of
Answers: A. 1 B. 4
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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