1. 她把畫掛在書房牆上。
ˇ She hung the picture on her study wall.
χ She hanged the picture on her study wall.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
註：hanged 是 hang（吊死，絞死）的過去式。hang 作「掛」解時過去式是 hung，過去分詞也是 hung。
2. 他失去平衡，跌倒在地。
ˇ He lost his balance and fell down.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
χ He lost his balance and felled down.
註：felled 是動詞 fell 的過去式，作「砍倒」解，是及物動詞。這裡作「跌倒」解是 fall，過去式是 fell，過去分詞是 fallen。
3. 我剛才把照相機放在桌上。
ˇ I laid the camera on the table a moment ago.
χ I lay the camera on the table a moment ago.
註：從句義可以看出動詞須用過去式「將…放、置」，動詞現在式是 lay，過去式和過去分詞都是 laid：lay, laid, laid；但 lay 也是 lie 的過去式，作「躺」解：lie, lay, lain，是不及物動詞。
注意：兩個形同義不同的 lay，不要用錯。
4. 他去過韓國。
ˇ He has been to Korea.
ˇ He visited Korea some time ago.
χ He has gone to Korea.
註：He has gone to Korea. 是「他已經到韓國去了」，指目前人已在韓國或在赴韓國的途中。表示「過去曾去過某處」，應用 have/has been，或用動詞的過去式和表示過去時間的副詞來表達。
5. 王先生來看過她，還留了一包東西。
ˇ Mr. Wang came to see her and left a package.
ˇ Mr. Wang has been here to see her and left a package.
χ Mr. Wang has come to see her and he has left a package.
註：現在完成時態指現在，而過去一般時態指過去；現在完成時態說明動作的結果，而過去一般時態，除了動詞 to be 以外，都說明動作。
Mr. Wang has come. 是「王先生現在已經到了」；Mr. Wang came. 才是「王先生來過」，說明一個動作。has left a package 所表示的概念與 has come to see you 相同，如果說 Mr. Wang has come to see you. He is now waiting downstairs. 就可以。
Exercises:
A. 昨晚她把你的賀卡放在書架上。
She __________ your greeting card on the bookshelf last night.
1. laid 2. lay 3. lied 4. lain
B. 他以間諜及叛國罪被處以絞刑。
He was __________ for espionage and high treason.
1. hung 2. hang 3. hanged 4. hunged
Answers: A. 1 B. 3
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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