The artificial intelligence (AI) development of generative pretrained transformers (GPTs) brings great convenience, but all is not rosy. Tesla chief executive officer and Open AI cofounder Elon Musk recently called for a six-month suspension of developing any AI model more powerful than GPT-4.
He drew attention to the ethical problems raised by these AI models, saying they should be inspected case by case. A set of safety protocols concerning AI designs and development should be established and implemented, and these protocols should be examined and overseen by independent experts to ensure that AI technologies remain a force for good.
China’s Baidu Inc and Alibaba Group Holding Ltd are utilizing their enormous financial and human resources as well as databases to build AI chatbot services. Given that GPT can effectively lower the costs of producing and disseminating political propaganda on social media, propagandists no longer need to create new accounts to spread fake news. Consequently, it would be more difficult to detect whether information warfare has been launched, and even harder to determine its source.
The situation in the Taiwan Strait is tense. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) continues to harass Taiwan with military aircraft and cognitive warfare through the dissemination of fake news.
The government has already banned the use of some apps, such as TikTok, on public-sector devices out of security concerns.
However, given the need for regulation of fake news on large platforms such as Facebook or Sina Weibo, it is extremely regrettable that the passage of the draft digital intermediary service act was halted.
The spread of fake news is supported by its seemingly persuasive content and the vast size of online platforms, which can dramatically increase the reach of fabricated news, Georgetown University professor Ronald Goodstein said.
Through social media algorithms, fake news is transmitted within smaller groups of people, creating filter bubbles, he said, adding that before any mechanism of rational discussion can be instigated, the damage caused by the spread of fake news would already have been done.
This results in the public unable to differentiate fake news from fact, and the counterbalancing influences of debate is not effectively enacted.
Taiwan should refer to the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) as a legislative precedent. The DSA’s articles 9 and 10 specify that if authorities discover “illegal content” on an online platform, they can order its providers to remove it. Moreover, when a court ruling or an administrative agency orders providers to offer assistance, they must comply.
The DSA also requires the regulation of online platforms with more than 45 million users. These providers are subject to inspection, and they must submit transparency reports or establish credible informant mechanisms.
The moment of integration of GPT with mega online platforms has arrived.
However, Taiwan faces serious fake news attacks that are more severe than European countries and the US. Digital laws must be revised to handle them. Considering the national security circumstances, hopefully legislators will emulate the spirit of the DSA and amend the draft digital intermediary service act with a more open-minded attitude.
If some controversial articles can be revised or deleted, the rest of the draft act is worth promoting.
Chao Hsuey-wen is an assistant professor and holds a doctorate in law from Fu Jen Catholic University.
Translated by Emma Liu
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