Pilots and cabin crew at Hong Kong’s Cathay Pacific Airways described a “white terror” of political denunciations, sackings and phone searches by Chinese aviation officials amid anti-government protests gripping the former British colony.
Cathay, founded by an American and an Australian during British rule in 1946, was caught in the middle of the crisis on Aug. 9, when China demanded it suspend staff involved in the protest movement.
The firm agreed, firing two pilots, but has since been plunged into turmoil after Cathay chief executive officer Rupert Hogg (何杲) was replaced last week.
Illustration: Tania Chou
Another pilot, Jeremy Tam (譚文豪), who is also a pro-democracy lawmaker, said on Tuesday that he and others had quit the airline as the internal political pressure was intolerable.
“That [China’s aviation regulator] has reached into Hong Kong and directly pressured a local airline is undoubtedly ‘white terror,’” he wrote on his Facebook page, using a popular Hong Kong expression used to describe anonymous acts that create a climate of fear. “There have been resignations from frontline staff to the company’s CEO because of this political trial.”
The airline confirmed Tam was no longer an employee and said it could not comment on internal staff matters.
China’s aviation regulator has not responded to reporters’ requests for comment.
Hogg’s surprise exit sent a chill through the company of 27,000, reporters found in interviews with eight staff members, as well as posts on two unauthorized but popular staff-only Facebook pages that illustrate the pressure on workers.
“There is a ‘white terror’ in our company,” one crew member at Cathay’s regional subsidiary, Cathay Dragon, said at a railway station on her way home. “We feel really scared to talk political stuff, even for chit-chat.”
“Some of the pro-Beijing people set up a Telegram group and post our personal information, like our addresses, phone numbers, if they discover that we support the movement on our own social media,” she said, referring to use of the messenger app Telegram by Cathay insiders and others who do not support the protests.
Hogg’s departure highlights the pressure on the corporate sector in Hong Kong, the Asian base for many global businesses, trying to walk a tightrope between the protesters and the Chinese Communist Party rulers in Beijing.
Demonstrations began in early June to oppose an extradition bill and have swelled into demands, at times violent, for greater democracy for Hong Kong.
New Cathay chief executive officer Augustus Tang (鄧健榮) told staff on Monday that the company would bounce back from recent challenges, but that there was “zero tolerance for illegal activities” or policy breaches.
“Right now, we are one of the most watched companies in Hong Kong and indeed the world,” he said in a memo seen by reporters. “The way every single one of us acts, not only at work serving our customers but also outside work — on social media and in everyday life — impacts how we are perceived as a company.”
Some Hong Kong companies with Chinese state-controlled parent firms, including Huarong International and China CITIC Bank International, advised staff to avoid flying on Cathay where possible, according to internal memos seen by reporters.
Hong Kong returned to Chinese rule in 1997 under a “one country, two systems” formula that promised wide-ranging freedoms denied to citizens in the mainland, including an independent judiciary and freedom to protest.
Many in the territory believe Beijing has been eroding those freedoms.
Organizers said that 1.7 million people joined the most recent big anti-government protest in pouring summer rain on Sunday.
China’s aviation regulator ordered Cathay on Aug. 9 to provide identification of crew on mainland-bound flights and those using Chinese airspace, and to bar any involved in the protests.
Five staff members said that crews landing in China had since been subjected to intrusive inspections from regulatory officials.
“Inspectors are checking the phones of the pilots and cabin crew, going so far as to check their WhatsApp messages and photo albums to see if there are any anti-China materials,” a pilot wrote in a text message.
The regulator did not respond to faxes seeking comment.
None of eight airline staff reporters interviewed at and around the airport, at protests or by telephone would disclose their full names for fear of losing their jobs.
Cathay fired the two pilots over their participation in the demonstrations and issued a statement afterward saying it was fully committed to the “one country, two systems” arrangement.
One flight attendant, who spoke to reporters by telephone, said that staff initially responded with anger and disappointment over the sackings, “but later on, when we saw how much a pressure the company is under from China, we are not angry anymore and we feel sympathetic.”
“We understand it needs to please China,” she said.
However, three of her colleagues said that many crew members were avoiding Chinese routes, and some emphasized their fear that anything they say could be relayed to managers or to Beijing.
“If some tourists ask me about things happening in Hong Kong, I will only tell him some factual information, being neutral,” one flight attendant said. “I don’t want somebody to use it as an excuse to complain about me — Chinese tourists are everywhere.”
Of the dozens of Cathay staffers approached for interview in the past few weeks, including at random outside the airport and the airline’s Cathay City headquarters, none who was willing to speak with reporters said they backed the actions of Beijing.
Two employee Facebook pages, CX Secrets and KA Secrets, named for the airline codes of Cathay and Cathay Dragon and once a forum for complaints about roster changes and coffee machines, are now flooded with messages debating the handling of the crisis.
Most are pleading for loyalty and silence.
“Cathay’s today is Hong Kong’s tomorrow. In order to secure this job, [we have to] be silent and continue compromising,” one post said.
Others framed solidarity as a form of defiance.
“The company has to bend over to survive unfortunately, but we don’t have to,” one person wrote on Facebook. “We must unite more than ever to help regain public trust. If we don’t, all 27,000 of us might be out of a job.”
Additional reporting by Lukas Job, Clare Jim, Donny Kwok, Joel Flynn, Anne Marie Roantree and Stella Qiu
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