Huawei Technologies Co wanted a better way to test its telephone handsets, so it sent an engineer to see “Tappy,” the robot in partner company T-Mobile US Inc’s laboratory in Bellevue, Washington.
“Tappy,” computer-driven and tireless, taps on touch screens, simulating weeks of use in a day. The Huawei engineer was curious about Tappy’s fingertips. So he slipped one into a laptop bag and left with it, in an act T-Mobile branded theft.
The 2013 incident, described in a lawsuit filed the next year by T-Mobile, is the sort of alleged behavior by China’s top telecommunications equipment maker that has alarmed security experts. Now some are warning against the use of Huawei gear in the next-generation 5G network being assembled to connect factories, vehicles, homes, utility grids and more.
“They’ve surpassed everyone else, and the way they’ve done that is through copycat technology and ruthlessly stealing intellectual property from Western companies,” said Jeff Ferry, an economist with the Coalition for a Prosperous America, an advocacy group close to US President Donald Trump’s administration and its China hawks.
Representatives from Huawei’s Chinese headquarters referred calls to Chase Skinner, a San Francisco-based Huawei spokesman, who declined to comment.
Huawei has regularly denied that it steals intellectual property or unfairly copies technology from other companies.
It said last week that blacklisting its equipment without proof would hurt the industry and disrupt the development of new high-speed technology.
However, Huawei’s conduct is drawing renewed scrutiny after the Dec. 1 arrest in Vancouver of chief financial officer Meng Wanzhou (孟晚舟) on allegations that she defrauded banks to breach Iranian sanctions.
The daughter of Huawei’s billionaire founder Ren Zhengfei (任正非), she now faces extradition to the US in a case that has sparked a diplomatic row.
Meng’s arrest follows a long string of allegations by the US government about a potential threat to network security.
The US has pushed European governments to avoid Huawei’s gear, saying it is an enabler for Chinese espionage, which the company has always denied.
In 2012, the US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence published a report that described Huawei as “a company that has not followed United States legal obligations or international standards of business behavior.”
The committee called on the US intelligence community to “remain vigilant,” and said that national security officials must block acquisitions involving Huawei or fellow Chinese gear maker ZTE Corp.
Years earlier, Cisco Systems Corp sued to stop Huawei from selling data-traffic switches and routers allegedly based on Cisco’s patents and copyrights. The litigation ended with Huawei agreeing to stop selling disputed products in 2003.
In 2010, the company failed to reach agreements to buy US software and wireless-gear makers, reportedly because the sellers doubted the company would win approval.
In 2008, Huawei and Bain Capital Partners LLC abandoned a bid for gear maker 3Com Corp after failing to assuage security concerns raised by US officials.
The Tappy caper involved a machine that used its mechanical arm to repeatedly prod phone screens, in imitation of a human user, helping T-Mobile to improve the reliability of its handsets.
Huawei wanted to know the size of the finger and the material from which the conductive tip was made, T-Mobile told a federal court in Seattle.
The Huawei engineer, left alone in the lab, first slipped the fingertip behind a computer monitor then three hours later tucked it into his bag, T-Mobile told the court.
“There is some truth to the complaint,” Huawei spokesman William Plummer said at the time.
He blamed “employees acting inappropriately in their zeal.”
(Another worker had furtively taken photographs of Tappy, T-Mobile said.)
T-Mobile dropped Huawei as a supplier and last year a jury awarded the company US$4.8 million in damages for breach of contract, but rejected allegations of misappropriation of trade secrets. The two sides later agreed to drop the case after settlement talks.
Michael Kipling, an attorney in the case for T-Mobile, declined to comment and attorney Bo Yue (博悅), for Huawei, did not respond to a request for comment.
The largest US mobile providers, after urging by US officials, have shunned Huawei network gear, and small providers are concerned they might be forced to rip out and replace Huawei products as the US Federal Communications Commission moves against Huawei.
US intelligence and law enforcement agencies harbor a deep suspicion of Huawei, exacerbated by its ties to China’s People Liberation Army, said James Lewis, director of the technology policy program at the Center for Strategic & International Studies in Washington.
“Deep connections with the PLA, industrial espionage and subsidies from the Chinese government — there you have it,” Lewis said in an interview.
A company executive reiterated this week that it abides by international law, and challenged its accusers to produce evidence of their claims about security risks.
“Despite the efforts to create fear about Huawei and to use politics to interfere with industry growth, we’re proud to say that our customers continue to trust us,” Ken Hu (胡厚崑), one of several Huawei rotating chairmen, told reporters during a press event at its manufacturing base in Dongguan, the company’s largest campus worldwide.
Hu slammed US accusations about Huawei’s independence and alleged role in espionage.
“Lots of countries have various concerns on 5G. Most of these concerns are reasonable and based on technology,” Hu said. “With regard to such concerns, we’ll work with governments and operators to clear them up.”
The company also released a diary entry it said Meng wrote, which described an outpouring of support from around the world. It was entitled “There Is Always Good in People!” and explained how a letter writer from Japan said she was “very sad” for Meng’s arrest in Canada and “cannot keep silent any longer.”
Ren, Huawei’s founder, joined the People Liberation Army’s engineering corps in 1974 and rose to become a deputy director, but without military rank, a biography by the company says.
Ren established Huawei in 1987; now the company reports annual sales of about 600 billion yuan (US$86.97 billion).
The 2012 US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence report said that the ruling Chinese Communist Party maintains a committee within Huawei, and said the company failed to explain its relation to the government.
Huawei has said the government plays no role in its business decisions or staffing.
The company is working against hardened sentiment in the Trump administration, Lewis said.
“The government in general has decided that the Chinese will never stop misbehaving unless we push back,” he said.
Meng’s case exists alongside a shadow cast by Huawei’s reputation, said Paul Triolo, who leads global technology studies at the Eurasia Group consultancy and who regards the matters as linked.
“It’s definitely connected to the broad concerns about Huawei and its central role in 5G,” Triolo said. “The fear of the US and its allies is that a 5G network built by Huawei represents a risk, a security risk.”
Vulnerability is heightened, because 5G systems would rely on software that can be penetrated to a greater extent than 4G networks, and because so many machine-to-machine connections would rely on 5G, raising the stakes for a disruption or espionage, Triolo said.
In Europe, carriers and major customers from Orange SA to BT Group PLC and Deutsche Telekom AG have voiced their concerns about Huawei’s gear, on top of existing bans in Australia, New Zealand and the US
The US embassy in Germany said that allies and partners are being urged to be vigilant in ensuring network security, including when carriers award equipment contracts.
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