A stark warning from the UN in the middle of last month that genocide could be taking place in Myanmar has been met by an awkward silence around the world, indicating a limited appetite for forceful humanitarian intervention, even in the most extreme cases.
The persecution of the Rohingya Muslim minority is beginning to resemble the plight of the Tutsi in Rwanda in 1994, albeit on a smaller scale.
After failing to stop the Rwanda slaughter, when up to 1 million people died, the international community vowed it would never happen again. Now it appears the nightmare is back.
Illustration: Kevin Sheu
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad al-
Hussein has described systematic attacks on the Rohingya by Myanmar’s military and civilian militias as ethnic cleansing, an assessment shared by the US.
However, in a BBC interview last month, Zeid went a big step further.
“You cannot rule out the possibility that acts of genocide have been committed,” he said. “It wouldn’t surprise me in the future if the court were to make such a finding on the basis of what we see.”
The embarrassed silence that greeted his remarks reflects the fact that there is zero support for direct action in Myanmar. The concept of forceful humanitarian intervention, formulated in a celebrated speech in Chicago in 1999 by then-British prime minister Tony Blair — and implemented in Kosovo, Sierra Leone and East Timor — is blown.
The disastrous invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003, justified on moral and humanitarian grounds after the weapons of mass destruction argument imploded, discredited the “Blair doctrine.”
Now the pendulum has swung the other way. Myanmar’s generals are not alone in their impunity. In Yemen, which British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson has termed “the world’s worst humanitarian crisis,” Saudi forces are accused of causing large-scale civilian casualties and of illegally blocking aid as a weapon of war.
A similar situation exists in Syria. Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has been widely accused of war crimes, but after six years of murderous mayhem, he still sits tight in Damascus.
Lack of political will is only one reason why the international community appears powerless to halt mass killings.
Hussein’s prediction that Burmese State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi and Myanmar Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing could end up before a court was presumably a reference to the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, the Netherlands, which was founded under UN auspices in 2002 and backed by 123 states out of a possible 195.
The ICC is the world’s criminal court of last resort, charged with investigating and prosecuting individuals responsible for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. However, Myanmar, like Syria and Yemen, is not a party to the ICC and lies outside its jurisdiction. The only way that its leaders could face a judicial reckoning would be if the UN Security Council referred them to the ICC.
This is not going to happen because China, a permanent member and Myanmar’s close commercial and political ally, would veto any such move. Likewise, al-Assad is protected by Russia, which has strategic interests in Syria.
The ICC has enjoyed limited success since its inception, in large part because major powers such as the US, China, Russia and India reject its jurisdiction, ostensibly on grounds of national sovereignty — although the US supports the court when it suits its purposes overseas.
The ICC has also been weakened by member countries refusing to enforce its statute.
The most notorious case concerns Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, who is accused of genocide in Darfur. When al-Bashir visited South Africa in 2015, South African President Jacob Zuma’s government ignored its legal obligation to arrest him.
Following criticism of its behavior, South Africa and other African members have threatened to quit the ICC.
Leading countries with the capacity to make a difference in places such as Myanmar or, for example, war-torn South Sudan, are also frequently guilty of failing to uphold international treaties, human rights conventions and resolutions that they previously signed up to through the UN system.
A total of 143 countries backed the convention on the prevention and punishment of genocide, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. At the time, the Holocaust was still a recent event, but memories fade and so, too, it seems, does political resolve.
A more recent and egregious example of international backsliding is the failure to honor the principle of the collective “responsibility to protect.” Shamed by the failures in Rwanda and the Balkans in the 1990s, a UN world summit meeting in 2005 agreed all countries have shared responsibility to prevent and respond to the most serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law.
The summit agreed that the principle of state sovereignty carried with it the obligation of the state to protect its own citizens. If a state was unable or unwilling to do so, the international community was empowered to act.
In Myanmar, where about 870,000 Rohingya have been forced to flee to Bangladesh and up to 10,000 people have been killed so far, their government has not only failed to protect them, it also appears directly culpable.
This is precisely the sort of situation the 2005 UN declaration was intended to prevent. It promised, if and when such crises occurred, that member states would take “timely and decisive action, in accordance with the UN charter.”
All over the world, this solemn promise is being broken on a daily basis.
Two major Chinese Communist Party (CCP)-People’s Liberation Army (PLA) power demonstrations in November 2024 highlight the urgency for Taiwan to pursue a military buildup and deterrence agenda that can take back control of its destiny. First, the CCP-PLA’s planned future for Taiwan of war, bloody suppression, and use as a base for regional aggression was foreshadowed by the 9th and largest PLA-Russia Joint Bomber Exercise of Nov. 29 and 30. It was double that of previous bomber exercises, with both days featuring combined combat strike groups of PLA Air Force and Russian bombers escorted by PLAAF and Russian fighters, airborne early warning
For three years and three months, Taiwan’s bid to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) has remained stalled. On Nov. 29, members meeting in Vancouver agreed to establish a working group for Costa Rica’s entry — the fifth applicant in line — but not for Taiwan. As Taiwan’s prospects for CPTPP membership fade due to “politically sensitive issues,” what strategy should it adopt to overcome this politically motivated economic exclusion? The situation is not entirely dim; these challenges offer an opportunity to reimagine the export-driven country’s international trade strategy. Following the US’ withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership
Since the end of former president Ma Ying-jeou’s (馬英九) administration, the Ma Ying-jeou Foundation has taken Taiwanese students to visit China and invited Chinese students to Taiwan. Ma calls those activities “cross-strait exchanges,” yet the trips completely avoid topics prohibited by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), such as democracy, freedom and human rights — all of which are universal values. During the foundation’s most recent Chinese student tour group, a Fudan University student used terms such as “China, Taipei” and “the motherland” when discussing Taiwan’s recent baseball victory. The group’s visit to Zhongshan Girls’ High School also received prominent coverage in
Late on Tuesday evening, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol declared martial law. A BBC analysis cited as reasons the opposition parties’ majority in the National Assembly, their continued boycott of the national budget and the impeachment of key officials and prosecutors, leading to frequent government gridlock. During the years that Taiwan and South Korea traveled the road to democratization, our countries hit many potholes. Taiwan cannot return to the Martial Law era. Despite the similarities in our authoritarian past, Yoon’s political travails are far removed from the issues Taiwan faces. Yoon’s actions are a wake-up call to the world about
RSS