The philosophical principles of education run counter to what is inked in the official guidelines in every country and region in the world. In question here are four pillars that the Taiwanese education system is founded on, especially at the secondary level.
First, a high school student spends approximately 60 hours per week at regular and extension/cram schools and/or studying independently. The winter vacation, which is typically three weeks long, often shrinks to one week. About six weeks are shaved off the summer vacation. Why? In addition to acquiring more temporary knowledge, long hours teach more than lessons — they teach endurance.
The system is in great demand for those energetic and relentless individuals who can keep up the pace, because once they enter the job market, a 50-hour-work week would feel like a breeze and a two-week annual vacation, for instance, would be considered a great privilege. This is a race that will go on for at least half a century. Therefore, a rigid resistance training is required to test the resolve and the determination of the future workforce.
Second, virtually every high school student is required to sit for a 30-minute or 50-minute quiz on a daily basis. In theory, the practice is supposed to evaluate the student’s academic performance (whereby the student exhibits signs of independent thinking), but in reality it is meant to enhance competitiveness, which in turn leads to laborious work. The students do not retain much information because of these tests; mechanically memorized knowledge is knowledge that is bound for oblivion.
Further, the short period allotted to these tests is basically meant to teach efficiency and speed. If we asked an average Taiwanese student to perform a math operation, and asked an average US student to perform the same task, the former would be more likely to complete it in much less time than his/her US peers. The result may be incorrect, but it is carried out at the speed of light. Efficiency is required of a good worker.
Third, the system needs disciplined individuals: Absence and lateness are not tolerated. Postponing duties like school cleaning is unheard of. Wearing the school uniform in high school is the norm rather than the exception as students are not allowed to be different in appearance from other students (the rules about hairstyles and make-up have only recently been somewhat relaxed).
Any departure from the norm will incur disciplinary measures. Rebellious boys are expected to shape up after the compulsory military service. Rebellious citizens could stir up discord and put a severe crack in a social system that thrives on the “veneration” of authority, which is vital to social stability.
Harsher disciplinary measures are put in place when students enter junior high school, which is no coincidence: They come tellingly at the start of adolescence, the age of rebelliousness and exploration.
Fourth, related to the point above, a system that depends on rote learning is a system that is very likely to produce powerless recipients rather than empowered respondents. The former would produce obedient/loyal and dependent individuals who are eventually expected to follow orders and depend on authority, which would ultimately ensure a high level of “harmony” once these individuals enter the job market. It is worth noting here that philosophy as a subject is absent from the curricula in the whole region because it is the very subject that helps develop critical thinking. Critical thinking leads to inquisitiveness and the contesting of knowledge that is deemed degrading, enslaving and exploitative.
Naturally, there are allusions to philosophical figures, their dates of birth and their famous quotes, but not much else. Memory is rewarded, but critical thinking is frowned upon because it is a threat.
In fact, it is a double-edged sword: The elite should befriend this “behemoth” and adopt it, but it should be kept away from the rest of the populace lest it be used to sink its teeth into the establishment and lay its carcass bare.
Absent any significant natural resources, the educational system resorts to other means to keep its economy booming, or at least afloat. Endurance, hard work, competitiveness, efficiency, loyalty and discipline are effective tools that make up for the lack of significant natural resources — and/or military superiority. Japan, the leading tiger in Asia, knows it; Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea know it. So far none of these countries has dared make any drastic changes in their education systems. They are aware that their educational systems are a nightmare to many students, but they also know that thanks to this system, violent crime rates are low compared with those of many industrialized countries; homelessness, racism and many of the other social ills that plague the West are not at all acute. More importantly, the edifice upon which “soft authoritarian” democracies is built is in dire need of these pillars — at least for now.
From Japan to Taiwan, there is a call for change in the education system. A growing body of research on education reform threatens to reach the ceiling. But adopting an approach that empowers all citizens could in the long run send the economies of these countries into a calamitous spin. These countries, of course, need leaders and policy makers at all spheres of government and society.
Therefore, the top performers, who are generally critical thinkers, are granted the means to pursue their studies and ultimately take the helm.
Once the small elite occupy positions of power, they would pose no threat to the stability of the nation; in fact, they become the guardians of this stability as the great majority continues to pay myopic allegiance.
And thus most of the economies in the region roar on-despite a few hiccups from now and then.
Mo Reddad is a lecturer in the department of applied English at I-Shou University.
With escalating US-China competition and mutual distrust, the trend of supply chain “friend shoring” in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fragmentation of the world into rival geopolitical blocs, many analysts and policymakers worry the world is retreating into a new cold war — a world of trade bifurcation, protectionism and deglobalization. The world is in a new cold war, said Robin Niblett, former director of the London-based think tank Chatham House. Niblett said he sees the US and China slowly reaching a modus vivendi, but it might take time. The two great powers appear to be “reversing carefully
Taiwan is facing multiple economic challenges due to internal and external pressures. Internal challenges include energy transition, upgrading industries, a declining birthrate and an aging population. External challenges are technology competition between the US and China, international supply chain restructuring and global economic uncertainty. All of these issues complicate Taiwan’s economic situation. Taiwan’s reliance on fossil fuel imports not only threatens the stability of energy supply, but also goes against the global trend of carbon reduction. The government should continue to promote renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, as well as energy storage technology, to diversify energy supply. It
Former Japanese minister of defense Shigeru Ishiba has been elected as president of the governing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and would be approved as prime minister in parliament today. Ishiba is a familiar face for Taiwanese, as he has visited the nation several times. His popularity among Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) and Taiwan People’s Party (TPP) lawmakers has grown as a result of his multiple meetings and encounters with legislators and prominent figures in the government. The DPP and the LDP have close ties and have long maintained warm relations. Ishiba in August 2020 praised Taiwan’s
On Thursday last week, the International Crisis Group (ICG) issued a well-researched report titled “The Widening Schism across the Taiwan Strait,” which focused on rising tensions between Taiwan and China, making a number of recommendations on how to avoid conflict. While it is of course laudable that a respected international organization such as the ICG is willing to think through possible avenues toward a peaceful resolution, the report contains a couple of fundamental flaws in the way it approaches the issue. First, it attempts to present a “balanced approach” by pushing back equally against Taiwan’s perceived transgressions as against Beijing’s military threats
RSS