A blue-eyed ninja with spiky blond hair and whisker marks is leading Tencent Holdings Ltd’s (騰訊) campaign to capture the eyes and wallets of China’s anime fans.
The hero, Naruto, a keystone of Japanese comic books known as manga, is not fighting alone. He is in a stable of characters assembled by Tencent that includes a Chinese teen on a quest for immortality and a hugely popular gang of treasure-seeking pirates. Their mission: to help Asia’s biggest Internet company lure more customers to its messaging and video sites.
Tencent bought the rights to more than 300 Japanese anime franchises and cultivated others at home with a plan to parlay them into multimedia juggernauts. The creator of WeChat and QQ intends to generate revenue in several ways: by putting some comics behind a paywall, and by licensing the characters for movies, games, toys and clothes.
Photo: AFP
Regardless of the approach, Tencent is chasing a domestic market expected to double in value to US$31 billion by 2020.
“When it comes to intellectual property, you have to serve the chicken many ways,” said Tencent chairman Ma Huateng (馬化騰), China’s third-richest man. “It should be viewed as cross-platform entertainment and be developed from multiple dimensions.”
Tencent is also seeding the development of domestic studios to create more local content, using Chinese novels — both classic and online — as source material, Ma said. It has collaborated on popular Web titles such as There Was a Ling Jian Mountain (從前有座靈劍山) and The Weirdo (異人).
Modeling its entertainment business after a Marvel Studios-style conglomerate pits Tencent against Japanese titans Toei Animation Co and Studio Ghibli Inc, and local rivals Alibaba Group Holding (阿里巴巴) and Baidu Inc (百度). The anime market in Japan alone was valued at ￥1.6 trillion (US$14.1 billion) in 2014, according to the most recent research from the Association of Japanese Animations. That was a 10 percent increase from the year before.
“Right now, we stand the best chance of doing this in China,” Ma said during a March 3 press conference.
That is because Tencent has a pair of supersized social-media tools at its disposal that the others do not: the WeChat and QQ messaging services, with more than 1 billion users combined. The apps can direct traffic to videos, and studios can set up chat groups for fans. They have evolved into platforms for shopping, gaming and banking that drive financial results.
“Tencent has a natural advantage with its distribution channels and abundant capital,” said Huang Yanhua (黃燕華), an analyst at IResearch focusing on China’s anime industry. “It has surpassed other anime startups in a very short time.”
The character Naruto Uzumaki, who debuted in a Japanese manga in 1997 and now stars in films and TV series, is featured in a new smartphone game made by Tencent. The franchise’s popularity in China is stoked by animated episodes streamed on an Alibaba-backed video Web site.
The rights to games for Naruto and the pirate saga One Piece are owned by a unit of Tokyo-based Bandai Namco Holdings Inc. The One Piece TV series in Japan surpassed 700 episodes.
“The Chinese network-content market is growing at a rapid pace and is set to become one of the biggest in the world,” said Mai Mabuchi, a spokeswoman. “It is also a market where Japanese contents are popular, so we can expect strong demand.”
In the past, that content was either broadcast on Chinese TV or sold on pirated videotapes and DVDs, stoking cult followings. The franchises now developed by Chinese studios mimic the Japanese animation style, with stories tailored for local audiences. Tencent’s ambitions come as the Chinese government limits the amount of foreign-made entertainment that can be broadcast or streamed.
In 2004, China set goals of promoting a domestic animation industry. Two years later, the government limited the times for broadcasting foreign cartoons and required provincial TV stations to produce one cartoon for every imported one.
By 2014, China had more than 4,600 anime companies and 220,000 people working in the industry, the state-run People’s Daily Online said.
“There is an insatiable demand for anime content as a generation of Chinese people watching Japanese anime come into their 20s and bring anime into mainstream culture,” said Alfred Chen, whose Hangzhou-based Comicloft Studio works with Tencent.
Chen’s comic blockbuster, There Was a Ling Jian Mountain, was adapted from a novel published on Tencent’s literature platform. It tells the story of Wang Lu (王陸), a blond boy with superpowers who takes a journey seeking immortality.
The comic has recorded more than 600 million page views, Chen said. Tencent pays Chen’s studio about 30,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan (US$4,636 to US$7,727) per month to cover costs, and the companies agreed to split future licensing rights for games and screenplay adaptions.
A TV series based on the comic is now broadcast on the Tokyo MX, KBS and AT-X networks. Tencent has licensed the rights to Emontoys and Actoys, known for selling detailed figurines.
What gives Tencent the edge over other platforms is the instant connection with readers, Chen said.
Within seconds of posting an issue online, comments start buzzing. Those are pinned on top of the artwork, with lauds and rants about the hero’s hairstyle or the credibility of the plot.
“Super handsome ... saliva saliva,” one comment read.
The live comments are known as dan mu (彈幕) in Chinese or danmaku in Japanese, meaning “bullet curtain.” That real-time feedback helps artists when developing characters and storylines, Chen said.
Studios also find it a plus that Tencent pairs them with in-house editors to brainstorm ideas and analyze user responses, said Wang Peng, whose studio in Tianjin has produced seven titles. Its most popular is The Weirdo, about a student named Zhang Chulan (張楚嵐) who discovers he has superpowers.
The comic, skewed toward young males, has 200 million page views. Tencent editors still vet storylines to make sure they do not criticize the Chinese government.
“When we published offline, we wouldn’t have these kinds of opportunities to tweak our plots on a daily basis,” Wang said. “It also was much harder to find opportunities to license our content.”
The comic is being considered for development into a series. Tencent has identified 11 comics, games and novels it wants to turn into movies.
Innovation Works, the venture-capital fund backed by former Google Inc China head Kai-Fu Lee (李開復), has invested about 150 million yuan combined in nine domestic companies connected to the anime industry, said Chen Yuetian, an investment manager.
The 30-year-old Chen said he grew up watching imported Japanese anime, including Dragon Ball and Slam Dunk.
“A generation of people growing up exposed to Japanese anime are gaining spending power now,” he said. “All the elements are in place for this industry to take off.”
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