The experiment was conducted discreetly. From 2016 to last year, two surveillance cameras were installed in the Kings Cross area of London to analyze and track passersby using facial recognition technology.
The deployment of the cutting-edge technology at one of the British capital’s busiest transport hubs, which was first revealed in the Financial Times, has fueled controversy in the UK, where its use does not yet have a legal framework.
The company in charge of the project said it has acted “only to help the police ... prevent and detect crimes in the area,” and that it had no commercial use.
Photo: AFP
However, data watchdog the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) seized on the case.
It opened an investigation and expressed concern about the increasing use of facial recognition, which allows for faces captured on camera to be compared with images stored to databases.
The Kings Cross case is not isolated, with shopping centers in Manchester and Sheffield, and a museum in Liverpool, also reportedly trialing the technology.
Privacy group Big Brother Watch has denounced the trend as an “epidemic,” with other critics warning it risks undermining fundamental rights.
Ed Bridges, 36, has sued Welsh police for targeting him with this technology while he was Christmas shopping in 2017 and at a protest last year, with his case working its way through the High Court in Cardiff.
This is the first time that such action has been brought in British courts.
Although the police use was authorized and advertised, the Cardiff University employee said it felt like “being robbed.”
“This is not something I had consented to,” Bridges said. “People have a reasonable expectation of privacy and the state should be supporting the right... not undermining it.”
Megan Goulding, his lawyer from the human rights organization Liberty, said facial recognition creates concerns about “self-censorship and free expression.”
“We think it’s wrong that people are made to change how they live to try to protect themselves from unwarranted police surveillance,” she added.
However, according to a survey commissioned by ICO earlier this year, facial recognition enjoys widespread public support, with more than 80 percent of respondents apparently backing its use by the police.
When using facial recognition police utilize a “watch list” of wanted suspects.
The surveillance cameras translate the facial features of passersby into a digital version, which is compared to the data on the list.
If the “similarity score” is high enough, police perform a check.
In Bridges’ case, the Cardiff court dismissed his complaint, finding the watch list was “clearly targeted” on people “suspected of involvement in crimes”.
He is appealing the decision and UK Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham has said it should not justify indiscriminate use of the technology.
She has called on the authorities to “slow down” its development pending the rollout of a clear framework for its use.
London is a potential hotspot for the deployment of facial recognition, with its 420,000 surveillance cameras, according to a 2017 study by the Brookings Institution think tank.
That places the British capital just behind the 470,000 cameras found in China’s capital, Beijing.
London’s Metropolitan Police has carried out a number of trials of the technology.
“Anyone can refuse to be scanned,” the force states in its guidance posted online. “It’s not an offense or considered ‘obstruction’ to actively avoid being scanned.”
However, Daragh Murray, a human rights specialist at the University of Essex, is skeptical.
“People who refused consent, who covered their face to [avoid] the camera’s system, their behavior was treated as suspicious and they were engaged by the police,” he said.
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