It might seem counterintuitive, but the dreaded polar vortex is bringing its icy grip to parts of the US thanks to a sudden blast of warm air in the Arctic.
Get used to it. The polar vortex has been wandering more often in the past few years.
It all started with misplaced Moroccan heat. Last month, the normally super chilly air temperatures 32km above the North Pole rapidly rose by about 70°C, thanks to air flowing in from the south. It is called “sudden stratospheric warming.”
Photo: AP
That warmth split the polar vortex, leaving the pieces to wander, said Judah Cohen, a winter storm expert for Atmospheric Environmental Research, a commercial firm outside Boston.
“Where the polar vortex goes, so goes the cold air,” Cohen said.
By this morning, one of those pieces would be over the lower 48 US states for the first time in years.
The forecast calls for a low of minus-29°C in Chicago and wind chills flirting with minus-54°C in parts of Minnesota, according to the US National Weather Service.
The unusual cold could stick around another eight weeks, Cohen said.
“The impacts from this split, we have a ways to go. It’s not the end of the movie yet,” Cohen said. “I think at a minimum, we’re looking at mid-February, possibly through mid-March.”
Americans were introduced to the polar vortex five years ago. It was in early January 2014 when temperatures dropped to minus-27°C in Chicago and meteorologists, who used the term for decades, started talking about it on social media.
This outbreak might snap some daily records for cold and is likely to be even more brutal than five years ago, especially with added wind chill, said Jeff Masters, meteorology director of the private weather firm Weather Underground.
When warm air invades the polar region, it can split the vortex or displace it, usually toward Siberia, Cohen said.
Recently, there have been more splits, which increase the odds of other places getting ultra-cold, he said.
Pieces of the polar vortex have chilled Europe, Siberia and North America this time.
It is not right to call the frigid center of cold air the polar vortex, because it is just a piece or a lobe, not the entire vortex, University of Oklahoma meteorology professor Jason Furtado said.
When the forces penning the polar vortex in the Arctic are weak, it wanders, more often to Siberia than Michigan.
It is happening more frequently in the past couple decades, Furtado said.
A study a year ago in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society looked at decades of the Arctic system and found the polar vortex has shifted “toward more frequent weak states.”
When the polar vortex pieces wander, warmth invades the Arctic, Alaska, Greenland and Canada, Masters said.
While the Midwest chills, Australia has been broiling to record-breaking heat.
The world as a whole on Monday was 0.4°C warmer than the 1979-2000 average, according to the University of Maine’s Climate Reanalyzer.
Some scientists — but by no means most — see a connection between human-caused climate change and difference in atmospheric pressure that causes slower moving waves in the air.
“It’s a complicated story that involves a hefty dose of chaos and an interplay among multiple influences, so extracting a clear signal of the Arctic’s role is challenging,” said Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center.
“This symptom of global warming is counterintuitive for those in the crosshairs of these extreme cold spells,” Francis said in an e-mail.
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