Archeologists who have been exploring the world’s largest underwater cave — discovered in Mexico last month — presented their findings on Monday, including fossils of giant sloths and an elaborate shrine to the Mayan god of commerce.
Researchers discovered that two large networks of underwater caves in the Yucatan Peninsula, the Sac Actun and Dos Ojos networks, are in fact connected, forming the largest such structure on Earth.
Diving with scuba gear, they have been exploring the ancient relics left in the caves over millennia, in a project sponsored by the Mexican National Institute of Anthropology and History.
Photo: AP / Great Mayan Aquifer Project - National Anthropology and History Institute
Researchers believe the water level in the caves has fluctuated over time, and that they were a source of water in times of severe drought — a sometimes perilous one.
Some of the animals and humans who ventured inside never made it out alive. Today, their remains are a treasure trove for scientists, enabling them to piece together bits of the cave’s history dating all the way back to the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago).
The animal remains include gomphotheres — an extinct elephant-like animal — as well as giant sloths and bears, archeologists told a news conference.
Photo: AP / Great Mayan Aquifer Project - National Anthropology and History Institute
Then there are the artifacts left inside by humans: burned human bones, ceramics, wall etchings and more.
“It is very unlikely that there is another site in the world with these characteristics. There is an impressive amount of archeological artifacts inside, and the level of preservation is also impressive,” underwater archeologist Guillermo de Anda said.
The relics include a shrine to the Mayan god of war and commerce, with a staircase accessed through a sinkhole in the middle of the jungle.
Many of the other hundreds of sinkholes that connect to the cave have elaborate signs of ritual activity around them, archeologists said.
The ancient Mayans viewed caves, “especially ones that led to water, as extremely sacred places,” the institute said.
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