Norway today is scheduled to become the first nation in the world to start shutting down its frequency modulation (FM) radio network in favor of digital radio, a bold move watched closely by other countries around Europe.
Supporters of digital audio broadcasting (DAB) say it offers better sound quality and more channels at an eighth of the cost of FM transmission, which was first launched in the US in 1945.
DAB offers better coverage, allows listeners to catch up on programs they have missed and makes it easier to broadcast emergency messages in times of crisis, authorities say.
Photo: Reuters
“The big difference and the main reason behind this big technological shift is that we want to offer a better radio service to the whole population,” Ole Jorgen Torvmark, head of Digitalradio Norge, a company owned by public broadcaster NRK and commercial radio station P4.
Norway, generally a technology-friendly nation, has been preparing for the switchover for years — DAB and FM have existed side-by-side since 1995. There are 22 national digital stations, along with about 20 smaller ones. The FM spectrum has room for a maximum of only five national stations.
The big switch-off is scheduled to begin in Nordland in the north at 11:11am before expanding to the rest of the country by the end of the year, making millions of old radios obsolete.
However, many think the shift is premature.
A poll in Dagbladet newspaper last month found that 66 percent of Norwegians are against shutting down FM, with only 17 percent in favor.
While about three-quarters of the population have at least one DAB radio set, many motorists are unhappy, because only about a third of cars are equipped.
Converting a car radio involves buying an adapter for between 1,000 kroner and 2,000 kroner (US$116 and US$233), or getting a whole new radio.
“It’s completely stupid. I don’t need any more channels than I’ve already got,” Eivind Sethov, 76, told reporters in Oslo. “It’s far too expensive. I’m going to wait till the price of adapters comes down before getting one for my car.”
So while the switch to digital will reduce the cost of transmission for broadcasters, it is listeners who will pick up much of the cost of the transition.
However, Torvmark insists the time is right.
“It’s clear that when there’s a big technological change, some people ask difficult questions and are critical,” but “most listeners are ready,” he said. “Every week more than 2.1 million listeners — half of the listeners — listen to stations that wouldn’t have existed without this technological transition.”
Part of the reason Norway is the first country to switch away from traditional analog transmission has to do with topography — it is expensive to get FM signals to a small population scattered around a landscape riven with fjords and high mountains.
The process will be watched closely in Europe by Switzerland, Denmark and Britain, where listeners have taken strongly to digital radio and which all plan to shut down FM radio broadcasts at some point in the future.
The UK has not set a date but has said it will switch off the FM signal when 50 percent of all radio listening is digital — the figure is now more than 35 percent — and when the DAB signal reaches 90 percent of the population.
However, other countries, including France, where neither commercial nor public broadcasters have been convinced by the new technology, are lagging behind.
“It’s taken an awfully long time,” said Simon Spanswick, of the Association for International Broadcasting. “Trying to persuade the public to invest in a new radio... it’s a tough ask.”
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