Scientists have recruited a new ally in their battle to fight disease: domestic cats. They believe the genetic profiles of cats contain crucial clues about diseases to which humans and felines are both susceptible. These illnesses include diabetes, asthma and some forms of blindness.
To exploit the connection, researchers have launched a genome sequencing project, called 99 Lives, which aims to determine the exact genetic profiles of 99 domestic cats. The results should provide them with data that could generate new medicines for treating both cats and humans for such illnesses, they say.
In addition, the project should provide data that will help zoologists track down the evolutionary origins of the domestic cat.
“Until now, genetic research on humans’ companion animals — pets such as dogs, cats and rabbits — has concentrated, almost exclusively, on dogs,” said Stephen O’Brien, a geneticist based at the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center in St Petersburg, Moscow.
“There has been widespread sequencing of canine genomes, as a result. Given dogs’ susceptibilities to certain cancers, the benefits were clear. But cats were ignored, and that was wrong, for they suffer from many diseases that humans also contract, from diabetes to the feline form of AIDS. They have a lot to tell us,” O’Brien said.
An example of this shared susceptibility to disease is provided by polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a key cause of renal failure in cats and in elderly men and women.
In 2004, a team led by Leslie Lyons, a professor at the University of Missouri, in Columbia, discovered that the genetic mutations that cause the disease occur in the same gene in humans and cats.
“That has given us a new approach to studying the disease,” Lyons said. “We are now studying other parts of the cat genome to see if these pieces of DNA have an influence on the speed and severity of the spread of PKD in an animal.
“There is a lot of variation both among cats — and among humans — in the way that PKD takes effect. And once we understand these influences we may able to design drugs that could counter PKD, and then test them on cats. That will be of help for both cats and humans. In addition, the discovery has allowed us to create a test to let breeders know if a cat is susceptible to kidney disease and so help create future breeds that will be unaffected by the condition,” Lyons said.
However, when it came to looking at other diseases shared by men and cats, scientists found there was a lack of genetic information.
As a result Lyons has launched 99 Lives. Anyone with a cat can provide specimens of blood or other tissue, although the organization — which is seeking funding support — will charge an owner US$7,500 to become involved in the project. The project will allow researchers to trace, in detail, the origins of the house cat.
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