Raped by a member of her family and pregnant with a fetus that doctors said would not survive, a 13-year-old Chilean girl had no choice but to carry the fetus to term.
Since her baby died of congenital heart defects on Nov. 5, hours after birth, the unnamed girl’s case has fueled outrage in Chile — one of just seven nations where abortion is illegal under any circumstance.
Her rape followed close on the heels of another case last year in which an 11-year-old girl, named Belen, was impregnated by her stepfather and had to give birth to his baby, ultimately putting it up for adoption.
The two cases have reignited debate on abortion in the South American nation, prompting a group of lawmakers to reintroduce dormant legislation yesterday that would legalize abortion in extreme cases such as rape, fatal birth defects or danger to the mother’s life.
For more than 50 years, until 1989, Chile permitted abortion if the mother’s life was in danger or the fetus was unviable.
However, in 1989, in one of the last acts of his 17-year rule, former Chilean president Augusto Pinochet outlawed abortion in all cases.
Various initiatives to repeal the law have failed since the return to democracy in 1990, attacked in powerful lobbying campaigns by the Catholic Church and conservative groups.
However, today, more than 70 percent of Chileans say women should have the right to abortion in cases of rape, fatal birth defects or extreme risk, polls show.
“There’s been a very deep cultural change in the country and people are demanding it,” said Claudia Dides, an activist with a local pro-choice group.
She said the declining influence of the Church in the wake of several high-profile pedophilia scandals had contributed to the change.
Chilean President Michelle Bachelet’s government announced on Friday that it would send legislation to Congress by Jan. 31 to decriminalize abortion in cases of rape, risk to the mother, or deadly birth defects.
Bachelet, a doctor who returned to office in March after serving as Chile’s first woman president from 2006 to 2010, was the inaugural director of UN Women during her break between terms.
Lawmakers from her Socialist Party were to take a first step yesterday by reintroducing abortion bills that had previously died in the legislature.
“Chile must stop living in obscurantism and being one of the few countries on the planet that refuses to pass legislation on this issue,” said Senator Guido Girardi, who sponsored one of the bills.
However, not everyone agrees.
Conservative groups argue that even in extreme cases like rape and incest, abortion only makes matters worse.
“It hasn’t been demonstrated that abortion is better for women, that it causes them less suffering. What has been observed is more post-traumatic stress and suicide attempts,” Res Publica institute doctor Jorge Acosta said.
There are 30,000 interrupted pregnancies or miscarriages in Chile every year, according to official statistics, which do not indicate how many are illegal abortions.
Having an abortion is punishable by up to five years in prison.
Judges have tended to issue less severe punishments and no one has been sentenced to prison for the crime in recent years.
However, because it takes place in the shadows, abortion remains shrouded in safety fears.
That affects women like Natalia Ahumada, 34, who learned when she was 20 weeks pregnant that her baby had a severe deformity.
She considered an abortion, but decided the illegal clinics offering them were too risky.
“I was afraid I would die,” Ahumada told reporters.
She had a miscarriage 12 weeks later.
“They don’t let us, the mothers, the ones who give life, decide if we want to bring life into this world, if we want to have sick children or not, if we want to suffer for eight months, or if we want to have the babies of rape or incest,” she said.
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