Trapped in her northern Syrian village by fighting, Mervat watched her newborn baby progressively shrink. Her daughter’s dark eyes seemed to grow bigger as her face grew more skeletal. Finally, Mervat escaped to neighboring Lebanon, and a nurse told her the girl was starving.
The news devastated her.
“They had to hold me when they told me. I wept,” the 31-year-old mother said, speaking in the rickety, informal tent camp where she now lives with her husband in the eastern Lebanese town of Kab Elias.
Her daughter Shurouk has been undergoing treatment the past three months and remains a wispy thing. The nine-month-old weighs 3.2kg — though she has become more smiley and gregarious.
Mervat spoke on condition she be identified only by her first name, fearing problems for her family in Syria.
Her case underscored how dramatically Syrian society has unraveled from a conflict that this weekend enters its fourth year. Such stark starvation was once rare in Syria, where Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s autocratic state ran a health system that provided nearly free care.
That system, along with most other state institutions, has been shattered in many parts of the country where the fighting between al-Assad’s forces and the rebels trying to overthrow him is raging hardest. The war has killed more than 140,000 people and has driven nearly one-third of the population of 23 million from their homes — including 4.2 million who remain inside Syria and 2.5 million who have fled into neighboring countries. Nearly half those displaced by the war are children.
Now aid workers believe starvation cases are increasing in besieged areas of Syria and malnutrition is spreading among the poorest Syrian refugees.
Before the conflict, doctors inside Syria would see fewer than one case a month of a child with life-threatening malnutrition, now they tell UNICEF they encounter 10 or more a week, said Juliette Touma, a Middle East regional spokesperson for the agency.
In Lebanon, malnutrition grew from 4.4 percent in 2012 to 5.9 percent of Syrian refugee children, according to a recent UNICEF-led survey.
In all, an estimated 10,000 Syrian children in Lebanon are likely suffering malnutrition, said Dima Ousta of the International Orthodox Christian Charities, a non-governmental organization leading efforts to deal with the issue in Lebanon.
UNICEF said nearly 2,000 were at risk of dying because of acute malnutrition if they were not immediately treated.
A survey in Jordan found that 4 percent of Syrian refugee children under five needed treatment for moderate or acute malnutrition, the World Food Programme said on Monday.
Touma said UNICEF had not yet finished surveys for refugees in Turkey or inside Syria itself.
Malnutrition is the product of a series of ever-widening and interconnected problems.
Within Syria, fighting in the worst-hit areas can limit access to food supplies and healthcare for children. There and among refugees, children are vulnerable to diarrhea and other illnesses from drinking dirty water or being exposed to sewage.
Those conditions can exacerbate malnutrition and, in turn, malnourished children are less resistant to disease.
Social factors also play in. Rural Syrian women tend to marry as teenagers and rely on their mothers or other relatives to help in child-rearing.
However, as refugees, many lose that support network and without guidance do not know how to properly breastfeed their children — bringing a risk of malnutrition. As refugees run out of money and struggle to find work, many mothers do not have enough to buy supplementary food.
The poverty and poor hygienic living conditions at the root of the problem are likely only to worsen as Syria’s war drags on.
“Malnutrition is not an issue related to food. It’s a health issue,” Zeroual Azzeddine of UNICEF said.
In Lebanon, nearly 1 million Syrians are registered as refugees by the UN refugee agency. The poorest 140,000 live in 460 informal camps, where they live in poorly insulated tents with no clean running water and with sewage running down ditches between tents.
Aid workers are trying to track down the thousands of malnourished children they believe are in Lebanon.
“We need to find these children,” said Ousta, whose organization treated 170 cases since August last year.
UNICEF is training doctors to identify malnutrition among Syrian children undergoing immunizations and other medical checks.
The doctors weigh children, measure their upper-arm circumference and check their feet for water retention that can be a sign of acute malnutrition.
They are on alert for mothers who say their babies are always tired, another signal.
Mervat, who lived with her family in the northern Syrian village of Tel al-Daman, was too poor to buy food for her daughter, who kept vomiting the breast milk she gave her.
She watched Shurouk shrink and her stomach bloat, but the fear of clashes between rebels and government troops kept her from reaching a doctor in the nearby city of Aleppo.
Fearing her daughter would die, she fled to Lebanon four months ago.
Now she and her husband and eight children sleep in a tiny shack of wood, cardboard and plastic, with a small heater and thin mats. Her husband, a laborer, hurt his foot and cannot work.
Her older daughters decorated the tent with an old lace curtain, faded plastic flowers and a green-and-white teddy bear.
However, it does not protect them from the icy, wet cold, and Shurouk keeps falling ill.
When doctors first saw her in Lebanon, she weighed 3kg, climbed up to 4kg and then lost weight in a flu bout, said Maha Shoker, an aid worker monitoring her case.
Shurouk remains acutely malnourished and, making her situation more precarious, she also has gall bladder stones.
Refugees must grapple with another problem. The UN and partner organizations only cover basic care because there is not enough money. Syrian children with illnesses sometimes fall through the gaps — and because they are sick, they do not eat, and malnutrition becomes a side-effect.
Near Mervat’s tent, 15-month-old baby Juma Kheir’s dirt-streaked face contorted in pain from a hernia that has caused his testicles to swell.
His father, Mohammed, said doctors told him the hernia was not an urgent medical case, and so aid agencies could not cover the cost of treating it.
Meanwhile, Juma cannot eat and his mother feared he was wasting away. His twin was noticeably chubbier and heavier.
Mervat said her other children were often hungry because they had no money to buy food and relied on UN donations.
“I’m worried about them, I’m afraid of the future,” Mervat said.
‘IN A DIFFERENT PLACE’: The envoy first visited Shanghai, where he attended a Chinese basketball playoff match, and is to meet top officials in Beijing tomorrow US Secretary of State Antony Blinken yesterday arrived in China on his second visit in a year as the US ramps up pressure on its rival over its support for Russia while also seeking to manage tensions with Beijing. The US diplomat tomorrow is to meet China’s top brass in Beijing, where he is also expected to plead for restraint as Taiwan inaugurates president-elect William Lai (賴清德), and to raise US concerns on Chinese trade practices. However, Blinken is also seeking to stabilize ties, with tensions between the world’s two largest economies easing since his previous visit in June last year. At the
Nearly half of China’s major cities are suffering “moderate to severe” levels of subsidence, putting millions of people at risk of flooding, especially as sea levels rise, according to a study of nationwide satellite data released yesterday. The authors of the paper, published by the journal Science, found that 45 percent of China’s urban land was sinking faster than 3mm per year, with 16 percent at more than 10mm per year, driven not only by declining water tables, but also the sheer weight of the built environment. With China’s urban population already in excess of 900 million people, “even a small portion
UNSETTLING IMAGES: The scene took place in front of TV crews covering the Trump trial, with a CNN anchor calling it an ‘emotional and unbelievably disturbing moment’ A man who doused himself in an accelerant and set himself on fire outside the courthouse where former US president Donald Trump is on trial has died, police said yesterday. The New York City Police Department (NYPD) said the man was declared dead by staff at an area hospital. The man was in Collect Pond Park at about 1:30pm on Friday when he took out pamphlets espousing conspiracy theories, tossed them around, then doused himself in an accelerant and set himself on fire, officials and witnesses said. A large number of police officers were nearby when it happened. Some officers and bystanders rushed
Beijing is continuing to commit genocide and crimes against humanity against Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities in its western Xinjiang province, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said in a report published on Monday, ahead of his planned visit to China this week. The State Department’s annual human rights report, which documents abuses recorded all over the world during the previous calendar year, repeated language from previous years on the treatment of Muslims in Xinjiang, but the publication raises the issue ahead of delicate talks, including on the war in Ukraine and global trade, between the top U.S. diplomat and Chinese