US President Barack Obama sought to move the US beyond the war effort of the past dozen years, defining a narrower terror threat from smaller networks and homegrown extremists rather than the grandiose plots of Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaeda.
Obama also offered his most vigorous public defense yet of drone strikes as legal, effective and necessary.
“Neither I, nor any president, can promise the total defeat of terror,” the president said on Thursday in a speech at the National Defense University in Washington. “What we can do — what we must do — is dismantle networks that pose a direct danger, and make it less likely for new groups to gain a foothold, all while maintaining the freedoms and ideals that we defend.”
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Obama also implored Congress to close the much-criticized Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba and pledged to allow greater oversight of the controversial unmanned drone program. However, he plans to keep the most lethal efforts with the unmanned aircraft under the CIA’s control.
It is an awkward position for the president, a constitutional lawyer, who took office pledging to undo policies that infringed on Americans’ civil liberties and hurt the US image around the world.
“Now is the time to ask ourselves hard questions — about the nature of today’s threats and how we should confront them,” he said.
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Obama’s address came amid increased pressure from Congress on both issues. A rare coalition of bipartisan lawmakers has pressed for more openness and more oversight of the highly secretive targeted drone strikes. Liberal lawmakers have pointed to a hunger strike of more than 100 prisoners at Guantanamo — the military earlier this month was force-feeding 32 of them — in pressing for stalled efforts to close the detention center to be renewed.
The president cast the drone program as crucial in a counterterror effort that will rely less on the widespread deployment of US troops as the war in Afghanistan winds down. He said he is deeply troubled by the civilians unintentionally killed.
In Pakistan alone, up to 3,336 people have been killed by drones since 2003, according to the New America Foundation, which maintains a database of the strikes. However, the secrecy surrounding the program makes it impossible for the public to know for sure how many people have been killed and how many were intended targets.
The US Department of Justice revealed for the first time on Wednesday that four US citizens had been killed in US drone strikes abroad. Just one was an intended target — Anwar al-Awlaki, who officials say had ties to at least three attacks planned or carried out on US soil. The other three Americans, including al-Awlaki’s 16-year-old son, were unintended victims.
Some Republicans criticized Obama as underestimating the strength of al-Qaeda and for proposing to repeal the president’s broad authorization to use military force against the nation’s enemies — powers granted to former US president George W. Bush after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.
Obama announced new “presidential policy guidelines” on the standards his administration uses when deciding to launch drone strikes. According to an unclassified summary, the US will not strike if a target can be captured, either by the US or a foreign government; a strike can be launched only against a target posing an “imminent” threat, and the US has a preference for military control of the drone program.
The CIA will continue to work with the military on the program in Yemen and control the program in Pakistan, given the concern that al-Qaeda may return in greater numbers as US troops leave Afghanistan.
The guidelines will apply to strikes against both foreigners and US citizens abroad. Drone strikes will largely remain highly secret for the public. Congress has been briefed on every strike that drones have made outside Afghanistan and Iraq, Obama said, but those briefings are largely classified.
While civil rights groups welcomed some of Obama’s steps, they appeared largely unappeased.
“How good, really, is our system for targeting and reducing unintended casualties?” said Elizabeth Goitein, co-director of the Brennan Center Justice’s Liberty and National Security Program at the New York University law school. “These three American citizens were not targeted, and their deaths were collateral damage.”
“The talk about being more transparent and preserving our liberties is talk. It’s rhetoric,” she said.
Obama was interrupted three times on Thursday by a woman from the anti-war group Code Pink, who appeared to be protesting both the drone program and the Guantanamo prison. The president acknowledged that the issues were worth being passionate about.
In seeking to close Guantanamo, many Republican lawmakers oppose Obama’s efforts to bring some of the detainees to the US to face trial and be held in maximum-security US prisons.
However, the new hunger strike by prisoners protesting their conditions and indefinite confinement has refocused Obama on efforts to close the center. He announced a fresh push to transfer approved detainees to their home countries and lift a ban on transfers to Yemen.
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