He added that more than half of crew members at the International Space Center have experienced some degree of change in their vision, and also have experienced intra-cranial pressure.
Other physiological changes, such as reduced bone density and muscle loss, can be mitigated by exercise.
The third major challenge is a psychological one, for isolated astronauts who spend long periods of time confined in cramped spaces.
Davison said scientists need a “minimum” of 10 years to complete research about the trip’s impact on the human body before going to Mars.
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