Former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher secretly approved offering concessions to Irish Republican Army (IRA) prisoners if their hunger strikes were called off, files released after 30 years revealed yesterday.
In public, Thatcher took a firm stance against demands to be recognized as political prisoners made by jailed IRA members and other paramilitaries waging an armed campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.
Though largely backed in mainland Britain, her unbending stand triggered international condemnation.
However, files from 1981 released by the National Archives showed that her Conservative government sent messages to the IRA leadership, through a secret intermediary, promising concessions if the hunger strikes were stopped.
The papers reveal the anxiety among government ministers, despite their outward show of determination.
By July 1981, the pressure on Thatcher was intense over the issue. Four men had died, including their leader, 27-year-old Bobby Sands, who had been elected to parliament while on the hunger strike.
So when the remaining hunger strikers dropped their demand to be treated as “prisoners of war,” Thatcher authorized a secret message setting out what concessions the government would make if the strikes were called off.
The go-between was a Northern Irish businessman codenamed “Soon,” who had contacts with an officer in Britain’s MI6 foreign intelligence spy agency.
The files log a series of frantic calls between Soon and the MI6 man in the days leading up to the offer.
London set out the concessions the government was to offer “if, but only if, it would lead to the immediate end of the hunger strike.”
They included allowing the prisoners to wear their own clothes, rather than prison uniform, and to receive normal visits, parcels and letters as well as “further developments” on prison work and remission.
The draft message in the files contains detailed amendments in Thatcher’s handwriting, showing she was in on the secret plan.
The message ended: “If the reply we receive is unsatisfactory and there is subsequently any public reference to this exchange we shall deny that it took place. Silence will be taken as an unsatisfactory reply.”
The approach was rebuffed and a fifth hunger striker died the following day.
Then-Northern Ireland secretary Humphrey Atkins told Thatcher: “Following the sending of the message which you approved last night, we have received, as you will know, an unsatisfactory response. That particular channel of activity is therefore now no longer active.”
The government made a second attempt to break the deadlock, which got nowhere.
The hunger strikes were to carry on for another three months, during which five more prisoners died.
On July 2, 1981, Thatcher told her Cabinet they should consider “all possible courses of action in regard to Northern Ireland, however difficult or unpalatable.”
With “increasingly disturbing signs of an erosion of international confidence in British policy,” ministers even discussed abandoning Northern Ireland — hitherto unthinkable for a Conservative government.
However, while there was “a widespread feeling in favor of British withdrawal” among the public, they admitted pulling out would not be an “easy proposition” with “civil war and massive bloodshed” likely to be the immediate outcome, the minutes said.
Meanwhile, ousted Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak was assessed by British Foreign Office officials as dim, but “free of any taint of corruption” before he took power in 1981, more files released yesterday showed.
Thatcher was told by officials that Mubarak was “the coming man,” but “no intellectual,” the Daily Telegraph newspaper said, citing the files.
Ahead of a visit to Britain, Thatcher was also warned not to mention his Welsh in-laws — Suzanne Mubarak’s mother was a Welsh nurse — unless Mubarak did first, as the couple wanted to play down the link.
SEEKING CHANGE: A hospital worker said she did not vote in previous elections, but ‘now I can see that maybe my vote can change the system and the country’ Voting closed yesterday across the Solomon Islands in the south Pacific nation’s first general election since the government switched diplomatic allegiance from Taiwan to Beijing and struck a secret security pact that has raised fears of the Chinese navy gaining a foothold in the region. The Solomon Islands’ closer relationship with China and a troubled domestic economy weighed on voters’ minds as they cast their ballots. As many as 420,000 registered voters had their say across 50 national seats. For the first time, the national vote also coincided with elections for eight of the 10 local governments. Esther Maeluma cast her vote in the
Nearly half of China’s major cities are suffering “moderate to severe” levels of subsidence, putting millions of people at risk of flooding, especially as sea levels rise, according to a study of nationwide satellite data released yesterday. The authors of the paper, published by the journal Science, found that 45 percent of China’s urban land was sinking faster than 3mm per year, with 16 percent at more than 10mm per year, driven not only by declining water tables, but also the sheer weight of the built environment. With China’s urban population already in excess of 900 million people, “even a small portion
UNSETTLING IMAGES: The scene took place in front of TV crews covering the Trump trial, with a CNN anchor calling it an ‘emotional and unbelievably disturbing moment’ A man who doused himself in an accelerant and set himself on fire outside the courthouse where former US president Donald Trump is on trial has died, police said yesterday. The New York City Police Department (NYPD) said the man was declared dead by staff at an area hospital. The man was in Collect Pond Park at about 1:30pm on Friday when he took out pamphlets espousing conspiracy theories, tossed them around, then doused himself in an accelerant and set himself on fire, officials and witnesses said. A large number of police officers were nearby when it happened. Some officers and bystanders rushed
HYPOCRISY? The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs yesterday asked whether Biden was talking about China or the US when he used the word ‘xenophobic’ US President Joe Biden on Wednesday called for a hike in steel tariffs on China, accusing Beijing of cheating as he spoke at a campaign event in Pennsylvania. Biden accused China of xenophobia, too, in a speech to union members in Pittsburgh. “They’re not competing, they’re cheating. They’re cheating and we’ve seen the damage here in America,” Biden said. Chinese steel companies “don’t need to worry about making a profit because the Chinese government is subsidizing them so heavily,” he said. Biden said he had called for the US Trade Representative to triple the tariff rates for Chinese steel and aluminum if Beijing was