Each objective faces a multitude of obstacles.
Governments cannot commit to transferring technologies that belong to private companies, which are protected by intellectual property rights, for example. Small countries need satellite monitoring, especially of deforestation, which they cannot afford without help. The costs of installing carbon-storage facilities on power stations, once it becomes technically feasible, will be out of reach to all but the richest.
No one expects answers by the end of the Bonn conference. But de Boer said he hoped the meeting would “take things to the next level,” with the discussions crystalizing ideas.



