Russia and China, the other two veto-holding council members, have refused to agree to a draft resolution, calling for further diplomacy.
Iran insists the program is designed only to make fuel for reactors to generate electricity, and the IAEA says there is no evidence Iran has a nuclear weapons program.
"The UN Security Council should not take any action that it cannot later undo. We won't give up our rights and the issue of suspension [of enrichment] is not on our agenda," Asefi said at his weekly briefing.
At the UN, Britain, France and the US were trying to bridge differences with Russia and China on a resolution that could eventually lead to sanctions against Tehran.
The US said it wants a vote this week, with or without support from Moscow and Beijing.
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