Guatemala, still struggling to overcome 36 years of civil war, has endured months of election-related violence and faces the possibility of more as voters decide this weekend whether to give a former dictator accused of human rights abuses another chance to run the country.
General Efrain Rios Montt is a distant third in the polls, but many fear he and his supporters will refuse to accept defeat in today's presidential vote. Thousands of people attacked police and businesses in July, when it appeared court officials were prepared to block Rios Montt's candidacy because he seized power in a 1982 coup.
Amnesty International released a report Friday warning of violent uprisings today.
"The violence could seriously distort the electoral process and the legitimacy of its outcome," the report said. It cited at least 21 election-related killings and 46 threats against journalists.
Guatemala's 1985 constitution forbids coup leaders from seeking the presidency, but the Supreme Court, packed with Rios Montt's supporters, cleared the way for the 77-year-old to run.
It is unlikely today's vote will determine the next leader. One candidate must receive more than 50 percent of the vote to win the election outright, or a runoff will be held Dec. 28 between the top two vote-getters.
Former Guatemala City Mayor Oscar Berger and center-left candidate Alvaro Colom of the National Union of Hope party are running in a dead heat, with roughly a third of the votes each, according to recent polls.
Rios Montt is far behind, with 11.3 percent, according to a newspaper poll published Wednesday that had a margin of error of 5 percentage points.
President Alfonso Portillo, a member of Rios Montt's Guatemalan Republican Front party, is barred from seeking re-election because Guatemala's 1985 constitution only allows presidents to serve one four-year term.
In an interview Friday with journalists, Berger said he was looking for alliances that would help him win a second round, but he refused to give details. His candidacy already is supported by an alliance of three parties.
Backed by his former paramilitary fighters, accused of helping soldiers burn down villages and kill civilians during the country's 1960-1996 civil war, Rios Montt is making a final attempt at the presidency. Many see his candidacy as a setback to Guatemala's fragile, seven-year recovery from the war.
The idea of a former dictator trying his hand at democracy is nothing new in Latin America. Daniel Ortega toppled Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza and ruled for 11 years but then lost three election bids. Hugo Banzer of Bolivia ran the government as a military dictator in the 1970s, then was democratically elected president in 1997.
The US, which backed Rios Montt during his dictatorship, has expressed concern about his candidacy.
"In light of Mr. Rios Montt's background, it would be difficult for the United States to have the kind of relationship with Guatemala that we would ideally prefer if he were in charge," State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said Friday in Washington.
Rios Montt has shown no signs of backing down, saying pre-election polls are wrong and a tool of business leaders.
More than 2,000 electoral observers will be stationed throughout the South American country of 11.2 million people to prevent violence and ensure fair voting.
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